Department of Molecular Biology, University of Bergen, PB 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway.
Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Mar 1;96(4):280-9. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.11.005. Epub 2009 Nov 13.
In this study Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were exposed to different levels of North Sea produced water (PW) and 17beta-oestradiol (E(2)), a natural oestrogen, from egg to fry stage (90 days). By comparing changes in protein expression following E(2) exposure to changes induced by PW treatment, we were able to compare the induced changes by PW to the mode of action of oestrogens. Changes in the proteome in response to exposure in whole cod fry (approximately 80 days post-hatching, dph) were detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and image analysis and identified by MALDI-ToF-ToF mass spectrometry, using a newly developed cod EST database and the NCBI database. Many of the protein changes occurred at low levels (0.01% and 0.1% PW) of exposure, indicating putative biological responses at lower levels than previously detected. Using discriminant analysis, we identified a set of protein changes that may be useful as biomarker candidates of produced water (PW) and oestradiol exposure in Atlantic cod fry. The biomarker candidates discovered in this study may, following validation, prove effective as diagnostic tools in monitoring exposure and effects of discharges from the petroleum industry offshore, aiding future environmental risk analysis and risk management.
在这项研究中，从卵到鱼苗阶段（90 天），大西洋鳕鱼（Gadus morhua）暴露于不同水平的北海生产水（PW）和 17β-雌二醇（E（2）），一种天然雌激素。通过比较 E（2）暴露后蛋白质表达的变化与 PW 处理诱导的变化，我们能够将 PW 诱导的变化与雌激素的作用模式进行比较。通过二维凝胶电泳和图像分析检测到整个鳕鱼鱼苗（孵化后约 80 天，dph）暴露于 E（2）后的蛋白质组变化，并使用新开发的鳕鱼 EST 数据库和 NCBI 数据库通过 MALDI-ToF-ToF 质谱进行鉴定。许多蛋白质变化发生在低暴露水平（0.01%和 0.1%PW）下，表明在先前检测到的更低水平上可能存在潜在的生物学反应。使用判别分析，我们确定了一组蛋白质变化，这些变化可能作为大西洋鳕鱼鱼苗生产水（PW）和雌二醇暴露的生物标志物候选物有用。本研究中发现的生物标志物候选物在验证后可能成为监测近海石油工业排放物的暴露和影响的有效诊断工具，有助于未来的环境风险分析和风险管理。
