Molecular and Evolutionary Genetics, Department of Agronomy, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Curr Opin Plant Biol. 2010 Apr;13(2):153-9. doi: 10.1016/j.pbi.2009.11.004. Epub 2009 Dec 22.
Polyploidy or whole genome duplication (WGD) occurs throughout the evolutionary history of many plants and some animals, including crops such as wheat, cotton, and sugarcane. Recent studies have documented rapid and dynamic changes in genomic structure and gene expression in plant polyploids, which reflects genomic and functional plasticity of duplicate genes and genomes in plants. Common features of uniparental gene regulation and nonadditive gene expression in regulatory pathways responsive to growth, development, and stresses in many polyploids have led to the conclusion that epigenetic mechanisms including chromatin modifications and small RNAs play central roles in shaping molecular and phenotypic novelty that may be selected and domesticated in many polyploid plants and crops.
多倍体或全基因组加倍（WGD）发生在许多植物和一些动物的进化历史中，包括小麦、棉花和甘蔗等作物。最近的研究记录了植物多倍体中基因组结构和基因表达的快速和动态变化，这反映了重复基因和基因组在植物中的基因组和功能可塑性。在许多多倍体中，对生长、发育和胁迫有反应的调控途径中的单亲基因调控和非加性基因表达的共同特征，导致了这样的结论，即表观遗传机制包括染色质修饰和小 RNA 在塑造可能在许多多倍体植物和作物中被选择和驯化的分子和表型新颖性方面发挥着核心作用。
