Ramappa Arun J, Chen Po-Hao, Hawkins Richard J, Noonan Tom, Hackett Tom, Sabick Michelle B, Decker Michael J, Keeley David, Torry Michael R
Department of Orthopaedics, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
J Pediatr Orthop. 2010 Jan-Feb;30(1):1-7. doi: 10.1097/BPO.0b013e3181c87ca2.
The developing musculoskeletal system of a youth pitcher is substantially different from that of the adult professional pitcher, predisposing the younger players to a different set of injuries.
High-speed videography of 39 professional and 13 youth pitchers were obtained. High-speed motion analysis was performed to calculate average anterior forces and arm positions at maximal force generation.
Professional players generated an average of 33.8+/-14.4 N/kg maximal anterior force, corresponding to 151.9+/-17.0 degrees of external rotation. Youth pitchers generated 16.2+/-3.8 N/kg of anterior forces, corresponding to 118.0+/-23.4 degrees of external rotation. The degree of coronal abduction and horizontal abduction between the 2 groups were not significantly different-92.4+/-9.0 degrees in professionals versus 91.7+/-7.9 degrees in the youth and 11.1+/-11.1 degrees of horizontal abduction in professionals versus 7.8+/-14.1 degrees in the younger throwers. Professional pitchers exerted higher internal rotation torque at 19.4+/-4.1 Nm/kg versus 5.6+/-1.0 Nm/kg in youth, and compressive forces were found to be 121.7+/-21.7 N/kg in professional pitchers compared with 47.5+/-7.6 N/kg in the youth pitchers.
Youth pitchers experience significant anterior shoulder forces and internal rotation torques, although these are lower than professional pitchers.
Overhead throwing as a youth can lead to shoulder injuries and can predispose the shoulder to more significant injuries as an adult pitcher.
青少年投手发育中的肌肉骨骼系统与成年职业投手的有很大不同，这使得年轻球员更容易遭受不同类型的损伤。
获取了39名职业投手和13名青少年投手的高速摄像资料。进行高速运动分析以计算最大力量产生时的平均前向力和手臂位置。
职业球员产生的最大前向力平均为33.8±14.4 N/kg，对应151.9±17.0度的外旋。青少年投手产生的前向力为16.2±3.8 N/kg，对应118.0±23.4度的外旋。两组之间的冠状面外展和水平外展程度无显著差异——职业球员为92.4±9.0度，青少年为91.7±7.9度；职业球员的水平外展为11.1±11.1度，年轻投手为7.8±14.1度。职业投手施加的内旋扭矩更高，为19.4±4.1 Nm/kg，而青少年为5.6±1.0 Nm/kg，职业投手的压缩力为121.7±21.7 N/kg，青少年投手为47.5±7.6 N/kg。
青少年投手会经历显著的前肩力和内旋扭矩，尽管这些低于职业投手。
青少年时期的过头投掷会导致肩部损伤，并可能使肩部在成年成为投手时更容易遭受更严重的损伤。
