Sabelli Paolo A, Larkins Brian A
Department of Plant Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA.
Sex Plant Reprod. 2009 Dec;22(4):207-19. doi: 10.1007/s00497-009-0105-4. Epub 2009 Jul 26.
Development of the seed endosperm involves several different types of coordinated cell cycle programs: acytokinetic mitosis, which produces a syncytium soon after fertilization; cellularization through the formation of modified phragmoplasts; cell proliferation, in which mitosis is coupled to cell division; and, in certain species like cereal crops, endoreduplication. Understanding the regulation of these programs and their transitions is challenging, but it has the potential to define important links between the cell cycle, cell differentiation and development, as well as provide tools for the manipulation of seed yield. A relatively large number of mutants display endosperm proliferation defects, and connections with known cell cycle genes are beginning to emerge. For example, it is becoming increasingly evident that the master cell cycle regulators, the cyclin-dependent kinases and retinoblastoma-related families, play key roles in the events leading to endosperm formation and development. Recent studies highlight cross-talk between pathways controlling the cell cycle and genomic imprinting.
无胞质分裂的有丝分裂，受精后不久产生一个合胞体；通过形成修饰的成膜体进行细胞化；细胞增殖，其中有丝分裂与细胞分裂相偶联；以及在某些谷类作物等物种中发生的核内复制。理解这些程序及其转变的调控具有挑战性，但它有可能确定细胞周期、细胞分化与发育之间的重要联系，以及为操纵种子产量提供工具。相对大量的突变体表现出胚乳增殖缺陷，并且与已知细胞周期基因的联系开始显现。例如，越来越明显的是，主要的细胞周期调节因子，即细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶和视网膜母细胞瘤相关家族，在导致胚乳形成和发育的事件中起关键作用。最近的研究强调了控制细胞周期的途径与基因组印记之间的相互作用。
