Senst S
Orthopädische Klinik, Abt. f. Kinderorthopädie, Marienstift Arnstadt, Wachsenburgallee 12, 99310, Arnstadt, Deutschland.
Orthopade. 2010 Jan;39(1):31-7. doi: 10.1007/s00132-009-1535-2.
There is a multitude of neurological diseases which may lead to neuro-orthopaedic problems and subsequently to neurogenic foot deformities. For this reason the diagnostician will be consistently surprised that there is a great multitude of different foot abnormalities and that not only the typical spastic talipes equines dominates. Of particular significance here is that these deformities almost always develop progressively, whereas most diseases persist per se, cerebral palsy being a typical case in point. However, in MMC (myelomeningocele) patients, there is also the danger of a worsening of the basic problem in the case of tethered cord syndrome. Unlike congenital talipes equinovarus, neuro-orthopaedic talipes equinovarus often shows over- or undercorrection postoperatively due to a shift in muscle imbalance. It is important, therefore, that the basis of conservative therapy include regular physiotherapy and orthoses during the day and, if necessary, at night. Botulinum toxin has been established as an additional measure for spasticity; however, this cannot always prevent surgical intervention, but is able to delay this to a better point in the development of the child/patient. The present article describes the diversity of neurological deformities and presents conservative as well as surgical therapeutic approaches.
有多种神经系统疾病可能导致神经骨科问题,进而引发神经源性足部畸形。因此,诊断医生会不断惊讶于存在大量不同的足部异常情况,而且并非只有典型的痉挛性马蹄足占主导。在此特别重要的是,这些畸形几乎总是逐渐发展,而大多数疾病本身持续存在,脑性瘫痪就是一个典型例子。然而,在脊髓脊膜膨出(MMC)患者中,存在脊髓栓系综合征时也有基础问题恶化的风险。与先天性马蹄内翻足不同,神经骨科的马蹄内翻足术后常因肌肉失衡的改变而出现矫正过度或不足的情况。因此,保守治疗的基础包括白天定期进行物理治疗和佩戴矫形器,必要时夜间也如此,这一点很重要。肉毒杆菌毒素已被确立为治疗痉挛的一种辅助措施;然而,这并不总能避免手术干预,但能够将其推迟到儿童/患者发育的更好阶段。本文描述了神经畸形的多样性,并介绍了保守和手术治疗方法。