Ho Hao Chih, Speck Cora S R, Kumasaki Jennifer
Trauma Services, The Queen's Medical Center, Honolulu, HI 96813, USA.
Hawaii Med J. 2009 Dec;68(11):279-83.
Over seven million tourists visit the Hawaiian Islands each year. Popular visitor activities such as surfing, scuba diving, ocean kayaking, parasailing, bicycle tours and hiking each have risks of serious injury. This study reviews visitors' activities that led to serious injuries requiring treatment at the state's only trauma center while vacationing in Hawai'i.
A retrospective electronic medical record review was conducted of all visitor and resident trauma patients admitted to The Queen's Medical Center (QMC) from January 2002-December 2006. Patient demographics, injury type and severity, mechanism of injury, and discharge status were collected and analyzed.
A total of 8244 patients were admitted to QMC for major traumatic injuries over the five year study period. Of these, 466 (5.7%) were visitors. The most common mechanisms of visitor injuries were falls (23.6%), water-related injuries (22.8%), motor vehicle crashes (18.7%), motorcycle, moped, and recreational vehicle crashes (12.2%), assaults (7.3%), and bicycle crashes (4.0%). A disproportionate number of visitors sustained serious injuries while engaging in water-related activities: Visitors account for only 12.6% of the population on any given day, yet comprise 44.2% of the total admissions for Hawai'i's water-related injuries. Head and spine injuries make up over two-thirds (68.2%) of these water-related visitor injuries.
As a general category, falls were responsible for the highest number of visitor trauma admissions. Of the recreational activities leading to high numbers of trauma admissions, water-related activities are the leading causes of serious injuries among visitors to Hawai'i. Water-related injury rates are significantly higher for Hawai'i's visitors than residents. Water safety education for visitors should be developed in multiple languages to educate and protect Hawai'i's visitors and visitor industry.
每年有超过七百万游客前往夏威夷群岛。诸如冲浪、水肺潜水、海洋皮划艇、帆伞运动、自行车旅行和徒步旅行等热门游客活动都存在严重受伤的风险。本研究回顾了游客在夏威夷度假期间导致严重受伤并需要在该州唯一的创伤中心接受治疗的活动。
对2002年1月至2006年12月期间入住女王医疗中心（QMC）的所有游客和居民创伤患者进行回顾性电子病历审查。收集并分析患者的人口统计学信息、损伤类型和严重程度、损伤机制以及出院状态。
在为期五年的研究期间，共有8244名患者因重大创伤入住QMC。其中，466名（5.7%）为游客。游客受伤的最常见机制是跌倒（23.6%）、与水相关的伤害（22.8%）、机动车碰撞（18.7%）、摩托车、助力车和休闲车碰撞（12.2%）、袭击（7.3%）以及自行车碰撞（4.0%）。在参与与水相关的活动时，游客遭受严重伤害的比例过高：游客在任何一天仅占人口总数的12.6%，但在夏威夷与水相关的伤害入院总数中占44.2%。头部和脊柱损伤占这些与水相关的游客伤害的三分之二以上（68.2%）。
总体而言,跌倒是游客创伤入院人数最多的原因。在导致大量创伤入院的娱乐活动中，与水相关的活动是夏威夷游客严重受伤的主要原因。夏威夷游客与水相关的伤害发生率明显高于居民。应开发多种语言的游客水上安全教育，以教育和保护夏威夷的游客及旅游业。
