Division of Molecular Genetics and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
Mol Cell Endocrinol. 2010 Jul 8;323(1):76-93. doi: 10.1016/j.mce.2009.12.013. Epub 2009 Dec 28.
Primordial germ cells (PGCs) are embryonic progenitors for the gametes. In the gastrulating mouse embryo, a small group of cells begin expressing a unique set of genes and so commit to the germline. Over the next 3-5 days, these PGCs migrate anteriorly and increase rapidly in number via mitotic division before colonizing the newly formed gonads. PGCs then express a different set of unique genes, their inherited epigenetic imprint is erased and an individual methylation imprint is established, and for female PGCs, the silent X chromosome is reactivated. At this point, germ cells (GCs) commit to either a female or male sexual lineage, denoted by meiosis entry and mitotic arrest, respectively. This developmental program is determined by cues emanating from the somatic environment.
原始生殖细胞（PGCs）是配子的胚胎祖细胞。在原肠胚期的小鼠胚胎中，一小群细胞开始表达一组独特的基因，从而决定其生殖系命运。在接下来的 3-5 天内，这些 PGC 通过有丝分裂向前迁移并迅速增殖，然后定植于新形成的性腺中。PGCs 随后表达另一组独特的基因，其遗传表观遗传印记被擦除，并建立个体甲基化印记，并且对于雌性 PGC，沉默的 X 染色体被重新激活。此时，生殖细胞（GCs）分别通过减数分裂进入和有丝分裂停滞来决定其雌性或雄性性系，这个发育程序由来自体环境的信号决定。
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