Department of Animal Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
Research Institute for Innovative Animal Science, Kyungpook National University, Sangju 37224, Republic of Korea.
Int J Mol Sci. 2024 Jun 25;25(13):6945. doi: 10.3390/ijms25136945.
Pesticides serve as essential tools in agriculture and public health, aiding in pest control and disease management. However, their widespread use has prompted concerns regarding their adverse effects on humans and animals. This review offers a comprehensive examination of the toxicity profile of pesticides, focusing on their detrimental impacts on the nervous, hepatic, cardiac, and pulmonary systems, and their impact on reproductive functions. Additionally, it discusses how pesticides mimic hormones, thereby inducing dysfunction in the endocrine system. Pesticides disrupt the endocrine system, leading to neurological impairments, hepatocellular abnormalities, cardiac dysfunction, and respiratory issues. Furthermore, they also exert adverse effects on reproductive organs, disrupting hormone levels and causing reproductive dysfunction. Mechanistically, pesticides interfere with neurotransmitter function, enzyme activity, and hormone regulation. This review highlights the effects of pesticides on male reproduction, particularly sperm capacitation, the process wherein ejaculated sperm undergo physiological changes within the female reproductive tract, acquiring the ability to fertilize an oocyte. Pesticides have been reported to inhibit the morphological changes crucial for sperm capacitation, resulting in poor sperm capacitation and eventual male infertility. Understanding the toxic effects of pesticides is crucial for mitigating their impact on human and animal health, and in guiding future research endeavors.
农药在农业和公共卫生中是必不可少的工具，有助于控制害虫和疾病。然而，它们的广泛使用引起了人们对其对人类和动物的不良影响的关注。本综述全面检查了农药的毒性概况，重点讨论了它们对神经系统、肝脏、心脏和肺部系统的有害影响，以及它们对生殖功能的影响。此外，它还讨论了农药如何模拟激素，从而导致内分泌系统功能障碍。农药会破坏内分泌系统，导致神经损伤、肝细胞异常、心脏功能障碍和呼吸问题。此外，它们还对生殖器官产生不良影响，扰乱激素水平并导致生殖功能障碍。从机制上讲，农药会干扰神经递质功能、酶活性和激素调节。本综述强调了农药对男性生殖的影响，特别是精子获能，即射出的精子在女性生殖道内发生生理变化，获得受精卵子的能力。据报道，农药会抑制精子获能过程中至关重要的形态变化，导致精子获能不良，最终导致男性不育。了解农药的毒性作用对于减轻其对人类和动物健康的影响以及指导未来的研究工作至关重要。
