Mooney M P, Siegel M I, Kimes K R, Todhunter J
Department of Anthropology, University of Pittsburgh, PA 15260.
Cleft Palate Craniofac J. 1991 Jan;28(1):49-53; discussion 54. doi: 10.1597/1545-1569_1991_028_0049_pdinac_2.3.co_2.
As part of an ongoing study of cleft lip and palate fetal morphology, premaxillary development was examined cross-sectionally in a sample of 20 "normal" fetuses and 9 fetuses with complete clefts of the lip and palate ranging in age from 8 to 21 weeks. The specimens were stained with H and E and sectioned at 20 microns in the coronal plane. A computer reconstruction technique was used to produce three-dimensional images of the premaxilla. Premaxillary length and volume were quantified and used to produce fetal growth curves. Qualitatively, normal fetal specimens exhibited symmetrical premaxillary ontogenesis with development of the distinctive perinatal midfacial morphology noted by 14 weeks. In contrast, complete unilateral cleft specimens exhibited severe asymmetry and dysmorphogenesis through 20.5 weeks. Quantitatively, premaxillary length and volume values for the two samples were similar from 8 to 14 weeks and changed in a curvilinear fashion with the steepest increases seen in normal specimens from 14 to 21 weeks. Cleft specimens exhibited significantly (p less than 0.001) reduced premaxillary length and volume rate changes (i.e., slopes of regression lines generated from polynomial and logarithmic regression models) for this time period. Results suggest that premaxillary deficiencies noted clinically in cleft perinates may be related more to early prenatal midfacial growth deficits than initial mesenchymal tissue deficiencies or abnormal growth patterns.
作为一项正在进行的唇腭裂胎儿形态学研究的一部分，对20例“正常”胎儿和9例唇腭裂完全型胎儿的上颌前部发育进行了横断面研究，这些胎儿的年龄在8至21周之间。标本用苏木精和伊红染色，并在冠状平面切成20微米厚的切片。采用计算机重建技术生成上颌前部的三维图像。对上颌前部的长度和体积进行量化，并用于绘制胎儿生长曲线。定性地说，正常胎儿标本表现出对称的上颌前部个体发生，到14周时出现了独特的围产期面中部形态。相比之下，完全性单侧腭裂标本在20.5周之前表现出严重的不对称和畸形发生。定量地说，两个样本的上颌前部长度和体积值在8至14周时相似，并呈曲线变化，正常标本在14至21周时增长最为陡峭。在此期间，腭裂标本的上颌前部长度和体积变化率（即由多项式和对数回归模型生成的回归线斜率）显著降低（p<0.001）。结果表明，临床上在腭裂围产儿中发现的上颌前部缺陷可能更多地与早期产前面中部生长不足有关，而不是与初始间充质组织缺陷或异常生长模式有关。
