Corden Timothy E, Tonellato Daniel J, Frisch Keri B, Laud Purushottam W
Department of Pediatrics, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wis, USA.
WMJ. 2009 Nov;108(8):393-7.
Motor vehicle crashes are the leading cause of teenage deaths in the United States. Graduated Driver Licensing (GDL) policies effectively decrease teenage crash deaths. Emerging research is identifying the most effective components of GDL. This study examines GDL policies across 6 Great Lakes states, describing the beneficial impact, and investigating how evidence-based policy modifications could further reduce teenage driving deaths and injuries.
GDL policies were reviewed in 6 Great Lakes states (Illinois, Indiana, Michigan, Minnesota, Ohio, and Wisconsin). Incidence rate ratios for fatal and injury crashes for 16-year-old drivers were obtained from the Nationwide Review of GDL Study. Ratios were applied to the fatal and injury crashes reported from each state between 2002 and 2006 for 16-year-old drivers. The potential impact (crashes avoided) for each state was determined based on the state using a 3-phase GDL policy (a learner and intermediate stage prior to full licensure). In addition, the impact on crash reductions for each state if they had employed 5 of the recommended GDL components was determined.
All 6 states had a 3-phase GDL policy, resulting in potential avoidance of 124 fatal and more than 21,000 injury crashes. The 6 states had 1 to 3 of the qualifying GDL components. If these states had adopted 5 of the qualifying components, an additional 309 fatal and more than 27,000 injury crashes could have been avoided.
Three-phase GDL policy is effective at saving the lives of teenage drivers and vehicle occupants; evidence-based modification of GDL has the potential to further reduce teenage motor vehicle crash deaths and injuries.
在美国，机动车碰撞事故是青少年死亡的主要原因。分级驾驶员执照（GDL）政策有效地减少了青少年碰撞事故死亡人数。新出现的研究正在确定GDL最有效的组成部分。本研究调查了6个大湖州的GDL政策，描述了其有益影响，并研究基于证据的政策修改如何能进一步减少青少年驾驶死亡和受伤情况。
对6个大湖州（伊利诺伊州、印第安纳州、密歇根州、明尼苏达州、俄亥俄州和威斯康星州）的GDL政策进行了审查。16岁驾驶员致命和受伤碰撞事故的发病率比值来自全国GDL研究综述。这些比值应用于2002年至2006年每个州报告的16岁驾驶员的致命和受伤碰撞事故。根据使用三阶段GDL政策（在获得完全驾照之前有一个学习阶段和一个中级阶段）的州来确定每个州的潜在影响（避免的碰撞事故）。此外，还确定了如果每个州采用5个推荐的GDL组成部分对减少碰撞事故的影响。
所有6个州都有三阶段GDL政策，有可能避免124起致命碰撞事故和超过21000起受伤碰撞事故。这6个州有1至3个符合条件的GDL组成部分。如果这些州采用5个符合条件的组成部分，还可避免309起致命碰撞事故和超过27000起受伤碰撞事故。
三阶段GDL政策在挽救青少年驾驶员和车内乘客生命方面是有效的；基于证据对GDL进行修改有可能进一步减少青少年机动车碰撞事故死亡和受伤情况。
