Center for Sleep and Respiratory Neurobiology, University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing and School of Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Center for Autism Research, 3535 Market Street, Room 835, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Sleep. 2009 Dec;32(12):1566-78. doi: 10.1093/sleep/32.12.1566.
(1) Compare sleep behaviors of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) with sleep behaviors of typically developing (TD) children using the Children's Sleep Habits Questionnaire (CSHQ); (2) compare sleep quality--defined as mean activity, sleep latency, number of awakenings, sleep efficiency and total sleep time--of the cohort of children with ASD and TD, as measured by 10 nights of actigraphy; and (3) estimate the prevalence of sleep disturbances in the ASD and TD cohorts.
Descriptive cross-sectional study.
The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia.
Randomly selected children from the Regional Autism Center. The ASD cohort of 59 children, aged 4 to 10 years, (26 with autism, 21 with pervasive developmental disorder-not otherwise specified [PDD-NOS], and 12 with Asperger disorder) were compared with 40 TD control subjects.
The CSHQ, sleep diaries, and 10 nights of actigraphy using the Sadeh algorithm of children with ASD and TD control subjects were compared. CSHQ showed 66.1% of parents of children with ASD (62.5% autism, 76.2% PDD-NOS, 58.3% Asperger disorder) and 45% of parents of the control subjects reported that their children had sleep problems. Actigraphic data showed that 66.7% of children with ASD (75% autism, 52.4% PDD-NOS, 75% Asperger disorder) and 45.9% of the control subjects had disturbed sleep.
The prevalence estimate of 45% for mild sleep disturbances in the TD cohort highlights pediatric sleep debt as a public health problem of concern. The prevalence estimate of 66% for moderate sleep disturbances in the ASD cohort underscores the significant sleep problems that the families of these children face. The predominant sleep disorders in the ASD cohort were behavioral insomnia sleep-onset type and insomnia due to PDD.
（1）使用儿童睡眠习惯问卷（CSHQ）比较自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）儿童与典型发育（TD）儿童的睡眠行为；（2）通过 10 晚的活动记录仪比较 ASD 和 TD 队列儿童的睡眠质量（定义为平均活动、睡眠潜伏期、觉醒次数、睡眠效率和总睡眠时间）；（3）估计 ASD 和 TD 队列中睡眠障碍的患病率。
描述性横断面研究。
费城儿童医院。
随机从区域自闭症中心选择儿童。ASD 队列的 59 名儿童（年龄 4 至 10 岁）（26 名自闭症、21 名广泛性发育障碍-非特定型[PDD-NOS]和 12 名阿斯伯格障碍）与 40 名 TD 对照组进行比较。
比较 ASD 和 TD 对照组儿童的 CSHQ、睡眠日记和 10 晚使用 Sadeh 算法的活动记录仪。CSHQ 显示 ASD 儿童的父母中有 66.1%（自闭症为 62.5%、PDD-NOS 为 76.2%、阿斯伯格障碍为 58.3%）和对照组的父母中有 45%报告他们的孩子有睡眠问题。活动记录仪数据显示，66.7%的 ASD 儿童（自闭症为 75%、PDD-NOS 为 52.4%、阿斯伯格障碍为 75%）和对照组的 45.9%有睡眠障碍。
TD 对照组中轻度睡眠障碍的患病率估计为 45%，突显了儿童睡眠不足是一个令人关注的公共卫生问题。ASD 队列中中度睡眠障碍的患病率估计为 66%，强调了这些儿童的家庭面临的严重睡眠问题。ASD 队列中主要的睡眠障碍是行为性失眠入睡型和 PDD 引起的失眠。
