Departamento de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Km. 15.5 carretera Mérida-Xmatkuil, Yucatán, Mexico.
Vet Parasitol. 2010 Mar 25;168(3-4):299-303. doi: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2009.11.022. Epub 2009 Dec 2.
The acaricidal activity of crude extracts and fractions from stems and leaves of Petiveria alliacea (Phytolaccaceae) was carried out on larvae and adults of the cattle tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus using the larval immersion test (LIT) and adult immersion test (AIT), respectively. Methanolic extracts of stems and leaves of P. alliacea showed 100% mortality on the LIT bioassay. On the other hand, methanolic extracts of leaves and stem on the AIT test showed 26% and 86% of mortality, respectively, egg laying inhibition of 40% and 91%, respectively and hatchability inhibition of 26% and 17%, respectively. Purification of the active stem methanolic extract showed that the activity was present in the n-hexane non-polar fraction. Bioassay-guided purification of the n-hexane fraction produced 10 semi-purified fractions; fraction B had the highest activity against tick larvae (100% mortality). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry demonstrated that the chemical composition of the active fraction B samples were mainly composed of benzyltrisulfide (BTS) and benzyldisulfide (BDS). These metabolites might be responsible for the acaricidal activity of stem extract of P. alliacea. However, further experiments to evaluate the acaricidal activity of BTS and BDS on larvae and adults of R. (B.) microplus are needed. Our results showed that P. alliacea is a promising biocontrol candidate as acaricide against R. (B.) microplus resistant strains.
从鱼腥草（商陆科）的茎和叶中提取的粗提物和馏分对牛蜱幼虫和成虫的杀螨活性进行了研究，分别采用幼虫浸浴试验（LIT）和成虫浸浴试验（AIT）。鱼腥草的茎和叶的甲醇提取物在 LIT 生物测定中显示出 100%的死亡率。另一方面，叶和茎的甲醇提取物在 AIT 试验中分别显示出 26%和 86%的死亡率，产卵抑制率分别为 40%和 91%，孵化抑制率分别为 26%和 17%。活性茎甲醇提取物的纯化表明，活性存在于正己烷非极性馏分中。基于生物测定的正己烷馏分的纯化产生了 10 个半纯化馏分；馏分 B 对蜱幼虫的活性最高（100%死亡率）。气相色谱-质谱法表明，活性馏分 B 样品的化学成分主要由苄基三硫（BTS）和苄基二硫（BDS）组成。这些代谢物可能是鱼腥草茎提取物杀螨活性的原因。然而，仍需要进一步的实验来评估 BTS 和 BDS 对 R.（B.）microplus 幼虫和成虫的杀螨活性。我们的结果表明，鱼腥草是一种很有前途的生物防治候选物，可作为杀螨剂来防治对 R.（B.）microplus 抗性品系。
