Skarratt Paul A, Cole Geoff G, Kingstone Alan
Department of Psychology, University of Hull, Hull HU6 7RX, UK.
Acta Psychol (Amst). 2010 May;134(1):48-54. doi: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2009.12.003. Epub 2009 Dec 30.
Responses to a target stimulus can be slower when it appears in the same rather than a different location to a previous event, an effect known as inhibition of return (IOR). Recently, it has been shown that when two people alternate responses to a target, one person's responses are slower when they are directed to the same locations as their partner's previous response. The present study sought to investigate this highly novel effect, which we term social IOR (SIOR), in relation to what is known of IOR in individuals performing alone. We found that only a real conspecific can induce SIOR in another person, whereas an animated conspecific cannot. Additionally, SIOR emerges at locations to which a conspecific has been inferred to respond, even when direct observation of his/her responses is prevented. Finally, SIOR can be induced without the abrupt visual transients normally associated with the generation of IOR. These findings suggest that SIOR is the result of stronger activations of IOR mechanisms, or that it is subserved by entirely separate inhibitory processes.
当目标刺激出现在与先前事件相同而非不同的位置时，对其的反应可能会更慢，这种效应被称为返回抑制（IOR）。最近有研究表明，当两个人交替对目标做出反应时，如果一个人的反应指向与对方先前反应相同的位置，其反应速度会变慢。本研究旨在探讨这种高度新颖的效应，我们将其称为社会返回抑制（SIOR），并将其与个体单独执行任务时的返回抑制情况进行比较。我们发现，只有真实的同种个体才能在另一个人身上诱发SIOR，而动画中的同种个体则不能。此外，即使无法直接观察到同种个体的反应，在推断其会做出反应的位置也会出现SIOR。最后，诱发SIOR无需通常与IOR产生相关的突然视觉瞬变。这些发现表明，SIOR是IOR机制更强激活的结果，或者它由完全独立的抑制过程所支持。
