苯线磷和相关有机磷农药：环境归趋和毒理学。

Fenamiphos and related organophosphorus pesticides: environmental fate and toxicology.

机构信息

Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation, Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, 5095 SA, Australia.

出版信息

Rev Environ Contam Toxicol. 2010;205:117-62. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-5623-1_3.

DOI:10.1007/978-1-4419-5623-1_3

PMID:20044796

Abstract

In this review, we emphasize recent research on the fate, transport, and metabolism of tree selected organophosphorus pesticides (fenamiphos, isofenphos, and coumaphos) in soil an water environments. This review is also concerned with the side effects of these pesticides on nontarget organisms. Despite the fact that fenamiphos is not very mobile, its oxides have been detected in the groundwaters of Western Australia. Most organophosphorus pesticides generally are chemically unstable and underfo microbial degradation in soil and water environments. Enhanced biodegradation of many organophosphorus pesticides upon their repeted applications to soil and water is well established. Myriads of soil microorganisms, bacteria in particular, exhibit an exceptional capacity to transform many organophosphorus pesticides. Fenamiphos can undergo rapid microbially mediated degradation via oxidation to its oxides (sulfoxide and sulfone) and eventually to CO2 and water in soils, or via hydrolysis, in cultures of the soil bacterium, Brevinbacterium sp. There is evidence for enhanced biodegradation of (i) isofenphos in soils with a long history of use and (ii) coumaphos in cattle dip by bacterial cultures to chlorferon and diethylthiophosphoric acid.

摘要

在这篇综述中，我们强调了最近关于树木选择的有机磷农药（fenamiphos、isofenphos 和 coumaphos）在土壤和水环境中的命运、迁移和代谢的研究。这篇综述还关注了这些农药对非目标生物的副作用。尽管 fenamiphos 的迁移性不是很强，但在西澳大利亚的地下水中已经检测到了它的氧化物。大多数有机磷农药通常化学性质不稳定，在土壤和水环境中会受到微生物的降解。许多有机磷农药在土壤和水中反复使用后，其生物降解能力会增强，这一点已经得到了很好的证实。大量的土壤微生物，特别是细菌，具有转化许多有机磷农药的非凡能力。fenamiphos 可以通过氧化作用迅速被微生物介导降解，生成其氧化物（亚砜和砜），最终在土壤中转化为 CO2 和水，或者在土壤细菌 Brevinbacterium sp 的培养物中通过水解作用降解。有证据表明，（i）长期使用的土壤中异恶草松的生物降解能力增强，（ii）氯氟苯和二乙基硫代磷酸酸在牛浴中对 coumaphos 的生物降解能力增强。