Department of Host Defense and 21st Century COE Program Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka, 565-0871, Japan.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2009;655:63-80. doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-1132-2_7.
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the immune sensors for infections, triggering robust innate immune activation followed by protective adaptive immunity against various infectious diseases. Recent evidence, however, has suggested that TLRs are involved in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including not only infectious diseases but also autoimmune diseases, allergy and atherosclerosis. Therefore, prophylactic or therapeutic application of TLR-based immune interventions should be potent, but their safety must be demonstrated using experimental animal models as well as human resources, including analysis of single nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we focus on recent advances in understanding of the protective and pathogenic roles of TLRs in human diseases.
Toll 样受体 (TLRs) 是感染的免疫传感器，可引发强大的固有免疫激活，随后对各种传染病产生保护性适应性免疫。然而，最近的证据表明，TLRs 参与了许多疾病的发病机制，不仅包括传染病，还包括自身免疫性疾病、过敏和动脉粥样硬化。因此，基于 TLR 的免疫干预的预防性或治疗性应用应该是有效的，但必须使用实验动物模型以及人类资源（包括单核苷酸多态性分析）来证明其安全性。在这里，我们重点介绍了对 TLR 在人类疾病中的保护和致病作用的理解的最新进展。
