National Research Lab of Marine Molecular and Environmental Bioscience, Department of Chemistry and the Research Institute for Natural Sciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 133-791, South Korea.
Aquat Toxicol. 2010 Apr 1;97(1):3-14. doi: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2009.12.002. Epub 2009 Dec 4.
This review summarizes current knowledge on ultraviolet radiation (UVR)-induced cellular and molecular damage in marine ectotherms (invertebrates and fish). UVR impairs sperm motility, reduces fertilization, and causes embryo malformation that in turn affects recruitment and therefore the sustainability of natural populations. The direct molecular effects of UVR are mediated by absorption of certain wavelengths by specific macromolecules and the dissipation of the absorbed energy via photochemical reactions. Most organisms have defense mechanisms that either prevent UVR-induced damage, or mechanisms that repair the damage. Photoprotective pigments, antioxidant defense compounds, and cell cycle development genes are some of the molecules involved in UVR defense. Photoenzymatic repair and nucleotide excision repair are the two primary DNA repair systems in marine ectotherms. We anticipate that toxicogenomic studies will gain importance in UVR research because they can elucidate the primary processes involved in UVR damage and the cellular response to this damage.
本综述总结了海洋变温动物（无脊椎动物和鱼类）中紫外线辐射（UVR）诱导的细胞和分子损伤的现有知识。UVR 会损害精子活力、降低受精率，并导致胚胎畸形，进而影响补充种群数量，因此影响自然种群的可持续性。UVR 的直接分子效应是通过特定大分子吸收特定波长的光和通过光化学反应耗散吸收的能量来介导的。大多数生物体都有防御机制，可以防止 UVR 引起的损伤，或者有修复损伤的机制。光保护色素、抗氧化防御化合物和细胞周期发育基因是参与 UVR 防御的一些分子。光酶修复和核苷酸切除修复是海洋变温动物中两种主要的 DNA 修复系统。我们预计，毒理基因组学研究将在 UVR 研究中变得更为重要，因为它们可以阐明 UVR 损伤和细胞对这种损伤的反应中涉及的主要过程。
