北京 PM10 中空气传播个体颗粒物的矿物学特征。
Mineralogical characterization of airborne individual particulates in Beijing PM10.
机构信息
Shanghai Applied Radiation Institute, School of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai 201800, China.
出版信息
J Environ Sci (China). 2006;18(1):90-5.
This work mainly focuses on the mineralogical study of particulate matter (PM10) in Beijing. Samples were collected on polycarbonate filter from April, 2002 to March, 2003 in Beijing urban area. Scanning electronic microscopy coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (SEM/EDX) was used to investigate individual mineral particles in Beijing PM10. 1454 individual mineral particulates from 48 samples were analysed by SEM/EDX. The results revealed that mineral particulates were complex and heterogeneous. 38 kinds of minerals in PM10 were identified. The clay minerals, of annual average percentage of 30.1%, were the main composition among the identified minerals, and illite/smectite was the main composition in clay minerals, reaching up to 35%. Annual average percentage of quartz, calcite, compound particulates, carbonates were 13.5%, 10.9%, 11.95%, 10.31%, respectively. Annual average percentage less than 10% were gypsum, feldspar, dolomite, and so on. Fluorite, apatite, halite, barite and chloridize zinc (ZnCl2) were firstly identified in Beijing PM10. Sulfurization was found on surface of mineral particles, suggested extensive atmospheric reaction in air during summer.
这项工作主要集中在对北京地区可吸入颗粒物（PM10）的矿物学研究。2002 年 4 月至 2003 年 3 月，在北京城区用聚碳酸酯滤膜采集了样本。采用扫描电子显微镜结合能谱仪（SEM/EDX）对北京 PM10 中的单个矿物颗粒进行了研究。利用 SEM/EDX 对 48 个样本中的 1454 个单个矿物颗粒进行了分析。结果表明，矿物颗粒复杂多样。在 PM10 中鉴定出 38 种矿物。粘土矿物占鉴定出矿物的 30.1%，是主要成分，其中伊利石/蒙脱石占粘土矿物的 35%。石英、方解石、复合颗粒、碳酸盐的年平均百分比分别为 13.5%、10.9%、11.95%、10.31%。年平均百分比小于 10%的有石膏、长石、白云石等。萤石、磷灰石、石盐、重晶石和氯化锌（ZnCl2）首次在北京 PM10 中被识别到。在矿物颗粒表面发现了硫化物，表明在夏季大气中发生了广泛的大气反应。
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