Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Rua do Campo Alegre 823, Porto, Portugal.
J Leukoc Biol. 2010 Jan;87(1):93-106. doi: 10.1189/jlb.0809549.
The antimicrobial effector activity of phagocytes is crucial in the host innate defense against infection, and the classic view is that the phagocytes operating against intracellular and extracellular microbial pathogens are,respectively, macrophages and neutrophils. As a result of the common origin of the two phagocytes, they share several functionalities, including avid phagocytosis,similar kinetic behavior under inflammatory/infectious conditions, and antimicrobial and immunomodulatory activities. However, consequent to specialization during their differentiation, macrophages and neutrophils acquire distinctive, complementary features that originate different levels of antimicrobial capacities and cytotoxicity and different tissue localization and lifespan.This review highlights data suggesting the perspective that the combination of overlapping and complementary characteristics of the two professional phagocytes promotes their cooperative participation as effectors and modulators in innate immunity against infection and as orchestrators of adaptive immunity. In the concerted activities operating in antimicrobial innate immunity, macrophages and neutrophils are not able to replace each other. The common and complementary developmental,kinetic, and functional properties of neutrophils and macrophages make them the effector arms of a myeloid phagocyte system that groups neutrophils with members of the old mononuclear phagocyte system. The use by mammals of a system with two dedicated phagocytic cells working cooperatively represents an advantageous innate immune attack strategy that allows the efficient and safe use of powerful but dangerous microbicidal molecules.This crucial strategy is a target of key virulence mechanisms of successful pathogens.
吞噬细胞的抗菌效应活性对于宿主抵御感染的固有防御至关重要，经典观点认为，针对细胞内和细胞外微生物病原体的吞噬细胞分别是巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞。由于两种吞噬细胞具有共同的起源，它们具有几种功能，包括吞噬作用、在炎症/感染条件下相似的动力学行为以及抗菌和免疫调节活性。然而，由于在分化过程中的专业化，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞获得了独特的、互补的特征，这些特征源于不同水平的抗菌能力和细胞毒性以及不同的组织定位和寿命。本综述强调了数据表明，两种专业吞噬细胞的重叠和互补特征的组合促进了它们作为效应物和调节剂在抗感染固有免疫中的协同参与，以及作为适应性免疫的协调者。在抗菌固有免疫中的协同活动中，巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞不能相互替代。中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的共同和互补的发育、动力学和功能特性使它们成为髓样吞噬细胞系统的效应臂，该系统将中性粒细胞与旧单核吞噬细胞系统的成员分组。哺乳动物使用具有两种专门吞噬细胞协同工作的系统代表了一种有利的固有免疫攻击策略，允许有效地和安全地使用强大但危险的杀菌分子。这种关键策略是成功病原体的关键毒力机制的目标。
