Miller Lisa M Soederberg, West Robin L
Department of Human and Community Development, University of California, Davis, California 95616, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 2010 Jan-Mar;36(1):40-63. doi: 10.1080/03610730903418380.
The authors examined the effects of adult age and control beliefs on self-regulatory responses to feedback using a false-feedback paradigm. Young and older adults read and attempted to solve a series of problems and periodically received either high- or low-performance feedback. Self-regulatory processes were assessed in terms of task-specific beliefs consisting of self-efficacy and performance expectations as well as degree of attention allocated to reading the mysteries. Results showed that high-performance feedback increased self-efficacy and performance expectations relative to low-performance feedback and that these effects were comparable across levels of preexisting control beliefs and across age groups. However, the effects of feedback on attention were moderated by age and preexisting control beliefs. Older adults in the high-performance feedback condition who had high levels of control beliefs allocated more attention to the text than did their low-control peers. These findings suggest that positive feedback may encourage older adults to engage more fully in a reading task, but only when they possess a strong sense of control.
作者使用虚假反馈范式研究了成年人年龄和控制信念对反馈的自我调节反应的影响。年轻人和老年人阅读并尝试解决一系列问题，并定期收到高或低绩效反馈。自我调节过程根据由自我效能感和绩效期望组成的特定任务信念以及分配给阅读谜题的注意力程度进行评估。结果表明，与低绩效反馈相比，高绩效反馈提高了自我效能感和绩效期望，并且这些影响在预先存在的控制信念水平和年龄组之间是可比的。然而，反馈对注意力的影响受到年龄和预先存在的控制信念的调节。在高绩效反馈条件下且控制信念水平高的老年人比低控制信念的同龄人对文本分配了更多的注意力。这些发现表明，积极反馈可能会鼓励老年人更充分地参与阅读任务，但前提是他们拥有强烈的控制感。
