Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Purdue University, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
Ther Adv Respir Dis. 2010 Feb;4(1):35-47. doi: 10.1177/1753465809353768. Epub 2010 Jan 7.
It is well established that smoking is the primary preventable cause of disease and death in the United States and that it is responsible for a wide range of negative health consequences, including but not limited to respiratory disease. According to the US Public Health Service, all patients attempting to quit smoking should be encouraged to use one or more effective pharmacotherapy agents for cessation except in the presence of special circumstances or in populations for which there is insufficient evidence of effectiveness (pregnant women, smokeless tobacco users, light smokers and adolescents). These medications are most effective when coupled with behavioral counseling interventions. This review article provides an overview of comprehensive (the 5 A's framework: Ask, Advise, Assess, Assist, Arrange) and brief (Ask, Advise, Refer) interventions for assisting patients with quitting, and a more detailed review of the seven first-line pharmacological agents for smoking cessation (nicotine replacement therapy formulations, bupropion SR and varenicline) and combination therapy regimens. This information will facilitate respiratory therapists in addressing the most important risk factor for pulmonary disease in the patient population that they serve.
众所周知，吸烟是美国可预防疾病和死亡的主要原因，它会导致多种负面健康后果，包括但不限于呼吸道疾病。根据美国公共卫生署的说法，除了特殊情况或缺乏有效性证据的人群（孕妇、无烟气烟草使用者、轻度吸烟者和青少年）外，所有试图戒烟的患者都应被鼓励使用一种或多种有效的药物治疗来戒烟。当这些药物与行为咨询干预相结合时，它们最有效。本文综述了全面（5A 框架：询问、建议、评估、帮助、安排）和简短（询问、建议、转介）干预措施，以帮助患者戒烟，并更详细地回顾了七种一线戒烟药物（尼古丁替代疗法制剂、安非他酮 SR 和伐尼克兰）和联合治疗方案。这些信息将有助于呼吸治疗师解决他们所服务的患者群体中肺部疾病最重要的危险因素。
