IRIDRA Srl, Florence 50129, Italy.
Water Sci Technol. 2010;61(1):97-105. doi: 10.2166/wst.2010.780.
Concerns about water shortage and pollution have received increased attention over the past few years, especially in developing countries with warm climate. In order to help local water management in these countries, the Euro-Mediterranean Regional Programme (MEDA) has financed the Zer0-m project (E-mail: www.zer0-m.org). As a part of this project, several constructed wetland (CW) pilot systems with different pre-treatments have been implemented in four Technological Demonstration Centres in Egypt, Morocco, Tunisia and Turkey. The aim of this research was to establish appropriate designs for treatment of segregated domestic black (BW) and grey water (GW). We tested several different multistage CW configurations, consisting of horizontal and vertical subsurface flow CW for secondary treatment and free water systems as tertiary stage. CW removal efficiencies of TSS, COD, BOD(5), N-NH(4)(+), N-NO(3)(-), N(tot), total coliforms (TC) were evaluated for each of the implemented systems. The results from this study demonstrate the potential of CWs as a suitable technology for treating segregated domestic wastewater. A very efficient COD reduction (up to 98%) and nitrification (92-99%) was achieved for BW and GW in all systems. CW effluent concentrations were below 15 mg/L for BOD(5), 1 mg/L for N-NO(3)(-) and 0.5 mg/L for N-NH(4)(+) together with acceptable TC counts. Based on these results, we suggest adopting the design parameters used in this study for the treatment of segregated wastewater in the Mediterranean area.
在过去的几年中,人们对水资源短缺和污染问题的关注度日益提高,尤其是在气候温暖的发展中国家。为了帮助这些国家进行当地水资源管理,欧洲-地中海区域方案(MEDA)资助了 Zer0-m 项目(电子邮件:www.zer0-m.org)。作为该项目的一部分,在埃及、摩洛哥、突尼斯和土耳其的四个技术示范中心实施了几个具有不同预处理的人工湿地(CW)试验系统。本研究的目的是为处理分离的生活黑水(BW)和灰水(GW)建立合适的设计。我们测试了几种不同的多级 CW 配置,包括用于二级处理的水平和垂直潜流 CW 以及自由水系统作为三级处理。评估了每个实施系统对 TSS、COD、BOD(5)、N-NH(4)(+)、N-NO(3)(-)、N(tot)、总大肠菌群(TC)的去除效率。这项研究的结果表明 CW 作为一种处理分离生活污水的合适技术具有潜力。在所有系统中,BW 和 GW 的 COD 去除率(高达 98%)和硝化作用(92-99%)非常高。CW 出水的 BOD(5)浓度低于 15mg/L,N-NO(3)(-)浓度低于 1mg/L,N-NH(4)(+)浓度低于 0.5mg/L,TC 计数也可接受。基于这些结果,我们建议在处理地中海地区分离废水时采用本研究中使用的设计参数。