Piazza P V, Maccari S, Deminière J M, Le Moal M, Mormède P, Simon H
Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale U. 259, Université de Bordeaux II, France.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1991 Mar 15;88(6):2088-92. doi: 10.1073/pnas.88.6.2088.
Individual vulnerability to the reinforcing properties of drugs appears to be an essential characteristic predisposing humans to addiction. In animals, a greater behavioral reactivity to a mild stress, such as exposure to a novel environment, is an index of the vulnerability to acquire amphetamine self-administration. Biological responses to stress as well as behavioral reactivity may predict such a vulnerability. In the present study, rats with a longer duration of corticosterone secretion after exposure to novelty showed facilitation of acquisition of amphetamine self-administration. Furthermore, corticosterone administration in nonpredisposed individuals increased the reinforcing value of the drug and facilitated the acquisition of amphetamine self-administration. These results indicate that the stress-related activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis may play a role in the pathogenesis of psychostimulant addiction.
个体对药物强化特性的易感性似乎是使人类易患成瘾症的一个基本特征。在动物中,对轻度应激(如暴露于新环境)的行为反应性增强是获得苯丙胺自我给药易感性的一个指标。对压力的生物学反应以及行为反应性可能预示着这种易感性。在本研究中,暴露于新环境后皮质酮分泌持续时间较长的大鼠,其苯丙胺自我给药的获得过程得到促进。此外,在非易感性个体中给予皮质酮会增加药物的强化价值,并促进苯丙胺自我给药的获得。这些结果表明,下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺轴与应激相关的活动可能在精神兴奋剂成瘾的发病机制中起作用。