Yamada Aya, Muroyama Yasuyuki
Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Kanrin 41, Inuyama City, Aichi, 484-8506, Japan.
Primates. 2010 Apr;51(2):159-66. doi: 10.1007/s10329-009-0183-9. Epub 2010 Jan 9.
Habitat use by crop-raiding Japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata) was studied in western Japan from December 2005 to February 2006, a food-scarce season. To examine how different vegetation types affect habitat use by monkeys, two crop-raiding troops were compared: the first troop inhabited a habitat involving more wild food resources; the second troop inhabited a habitat providing fewer wild food resources. It was hypothesized that monkeys living in the habitat with fewer wild food resources are more likely to utilize human settlements and areas around them (i.e. adjacent zones), with a dependence on crop foods. Comparisons of observed and expected habitat use frequencies showed that the first troop selected evergreen broad-leaved forests and conifer plantations, and avoided adjacent zones, rice fields, and golf courses. The second troop selected adjacent zones and avoided conifer plantations, pine forests, and deciduous broad-leaved forests. Both troops moved rapidly in avoided habitat types. These results suggest that monkeys living in the habitat with fewer wild food resources are more likely to utilize areas around human settlements during a food-scarce season.
2005年12月至2006年2月，在日本西部食物匮乏的季节，对盗食庄稼的日本猕猴（Macaca fuscata）的栖息地利用情况进行了研究。为了研究不同植被类型如何影响猴子的栖息地利用，比较了两个盗食庄稼的猴群：第一个猴群栖息在野生食物资源较多的栖息地；第二个猴群栖息在野生食物资源较少的栖息地。据推测，生活在野生食物资源较少栖息地的猴子更有可能利用人类住区及其周边区域（即相邻区域），并依赖农作物作为食物。观察到的和预期的栖息地利用频率的比较表明，第一个猴群选择了常绿阔叶林和针叶林种植园，避开了相邻区域、稻田和高尔夫球场。第二个猴群选择了相邻区域，避开了针叶林种植园、松林和落叶阔叶林。两个猴群在被避开的栖息地类型中移动速度都很快。这些结果表明，在食物匮乏的季节，生活在野生食物资源较少栖息地的猴子更有可能利用人类住区周围的区域。
