Starks Tricia
Univ. of Arkansas, Fayetteville.
Soc Hist Alcohol Drugs. 2006 Fall;21(1):50-68.
This paper examines two major Soviet anti-smoking campaigns -- one in the 1920s and the other in the late 1970s. Each occurs in a period of demographic crisis as part of larger pubic health efforts. Each ultimately fails. In 1920, the leader of the People's Commissariat of Health, N. Semashko, began a campaign against tobacco with the support of V.I. Lenin. He proposed restrictions on access, use, and production of tobacco. Faced with the needs of the new state for economic stability, government officials abandoned the plan by 1921. In 1970, internal demographic concerns and increasing international evidence led the Ministry of Health to again attempt to stamp out tobacco. While policy was made, implementation was weak and the economic dislocations of the 1980s saw the vast importation of foreign brands to stabilize the government and the collapse of this second campaign against tobacco.
本文考察了苏联的两次主要反吸烟运动——一次在20世纪20年代，另一次在20世纪70年代末。每次运动都发生在人口危机时期，是更广泛的公共卫生努力的一部分。每次运动最终都失败了。1920年，卫生人民委员部部长N. 谢马什科在V. I. 列宁的支持下发起了一场反对烟草的运动。他提议对烟草的获取、使用和生产进行限制。面对新国家对经济稳定的需求，政府官员在1921年前放弃了该计划。1970年，国内的人口问题以及越来越多的国际证据促使卫生部再次试图根除烟草。虽然制定了政策，但执行力度薄弱，20世纪80年代的经济混乱导致大量外国品牌香烟进口以稳定政府财政，这场第二次反烟草运动也随之失败。
