Comparative analysis of transcriptional responses to the cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide and trehalose, which confer tolerance to freeze-thaw stress in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

We have used microarray analysis to monitor the gene expression profile of Saccharomyces cerevisiae BY4743 in the presence of the cryoprotectants, dimethyl sulfoxide (Me(2)SO) and trehalose. Analysis of these profiles suggests that both cryoprotectants increased the expression of genes involved in protein synthesis, ribosomal biogenesis, fatty acid biosynthesis, ergosterol biosynthesis, cell wall biosynthesis, and cellular accumulation of low molecular compounds such as glycerol, arginine and proline. Cryoprotectant treatment reduced the expression of genes involved in the beta-oxidation of fatty acids. In addition, Me(2)SO increased the expression of genes involved in protein refolding and trehalose increased the expression of genes involved in spore formation. This study supported that exposure to cryoprotectants prior to freezing not only reduce the freeze-thaw damage but also provide various process to the recovery from freeze-thaw damage.