Social and Behavioral Research Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
Annu Rev Public Health. 2010;31:89-103. doi: 10.1146/annurev.publhealth.012809.103532.
This report describes the use of information emerging from genetic discovery to motivate risk-reducing health behaviors. Most research to date has evaluated the effects of information related to rare genetic variants on screening behaviors, in which genetic risk feedback has been associated consistently with improved screening adherence. The limited research with common genetic variants suggests that genetic information, when based on single-gene variants with low-risk probabilities, has little impact on behavior. The effect on behavioral outcomes of more realistic testing scenarios in which genetic risk is based on numerous genetic variants is largely unexplored. Little attention has been directed to matching genetic information to the literacy levels of target audiences. Another promising area for research is consideration of using genetic information to identify risk shared within kinship networks and to expand the influence of behavior change beyond the individual.
本报告介绍了利用遗传发现所产生的信息来激励降低风险的健康行为。迄今为止，大多数研究都评估了与罕见遗传变异相关的信息对筛查行为的影响，其中遗传风险反馈一直与改善筛查依从性相关。与常见遗传变异相关的有限研究表明，当遗传信息基于低风险概率的单基因变异时，对行为的影响很小。基于许多遗传变异的遗传风险的更现实的测试场景对行为结果的影响在很大程度上尚未得到探索。很少有人关注将遗传信息与目标受众的识字水平相匹配。另一个有前途的研究领域是考虑使用遗传信息来识别亲属网络中共享的风险，并将行为改变的影响扩大到个人之外。
