Research Centre of Applied Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku Finland.
Am J Clin Nutr. 2010 Mar;91(3):651-61. doi: 10.3945/ajcn.2009.28461. Epub 2010 Jan 13.
Dietary fiber has health benefits, but fiber recommendations for children are controversial because fiber may displace energy.
The objective was to longitudinally evaluate dietary fiber intake in children and to study associations between growth variables, serum cholesterol concentrations, and intakes of fiber, energy, and nutrients.
Altogether, 543 children from a prospective randomized atherosclerosis prevention trial (the Special Turku Coronary Risk factor Intervention Project; STRIP) participated in this study between the ages of 8 mo and 9 y. The intervention children (n = 264) were counseled to replace part of saturated fat with unsaturated fat. Nutrient intakes, weight, height, and serum total, HDL-, and LDL-cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations were analyzed. Children were divided into 3 groups according to mean dietary fiber intake in foods: low (lowest 10%), high (highest 10%), and average (middle 80%) fiber intakes.
Fiber intake associated positively with energy intake and inversely with fat intake. Children with a high fiber intake received more vitamins and minerals than did children in other groups. In longitudinal growth analyses, weights and heights were similar in all 3 fiber intake groups, and fiber intake (g/d) associated positively with weight gain between 8 mo and 2 y. Serum cholesterol concentrations decreased with increasing fiber intakes. Children in the intervention group had a higher fiber intake than did the control children during the entire follow-up period.
Fiber intake did not displace energy or disturb growth between 13 mo and 9 y of age. Serum cholesterol values correlated inversely with fiber intake, which indicated that part of the cholesterol-lowering intervention effect in the STRIP project may have been explained by dietary fiber.
膳食纤维对健康有益，但儿童膳食纤维的推荐量存在争议，因为膳食纤维可能会取代能量。
本研究旨在纵向评估儿童膳食纤维的摄入量，并研究生长变量、血清胆固醇浓度以及膳食纤维、能量和营养素摄入量之间的关系。
共有 543 名来自前瞻性随机动脉粥样硬化预防试验（特殊图尔库冠心病危险因素干预项目；STRIP）的儿童参与了本研究，年龄在 8 个月至 9 岁之间。干预组（n=264）的儿童接受了用不饱和脂肪替代部分饱和脂肪的指导。分析了营养素摄入量、体重、身高以及血清总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯浓度。根据食物中膳食纤维的平均摄入量，将儿童分为 3 组：低纤维摄入组（最低 10%）、高纤维摄入组（最高 10%）和平均纤维摄入组（中间 80%）。
膳食纤维摄入量与能量摄入量呈正相关，与脂肪摄入量呈负相关。高纤维摄入组的儿童摄入更多的维生素和矿物质。在纵向生长分析中，所有 3 组膳食纤维摄入量的儿童体重和身高相似，而膳食纤维摄入量（g/d）与 8 个月至 2 岁期间的体重增加呈正相关。血清胆固醇浓度随膳食纤维摄入量的增加而降低。在整个随访期间，干预组儿童的膳食纤维摄入量高于对照组儿童。
在 13 个月至 9 岁期间，膳食纤维摄入量没有取代能量，也没有干扰生长。血清胆固醇值与膳食纤维摄入量呈负相关，这表明 STRIP 项目中部分降低胆固醇的干预效果可能与膳食纤维有关。
