School of Physical Therapy, Texas Woman's University, Dallas, TX 75231, USA.
Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 2010 Jul 15;35(16):1539-44. doi: 10.1097/BRS.0b013e3181b0c3d1.
Observational.
To provide normative values of lumbar flexion and extension for women of different age and racial groups.
Spinal range of motion (ROM) is one of the AMA Guides criteria used to estimate level of impairment and subsequent compensation entitlement. Studies show that spinal ROM varies with age, gender, and possibly race/ethnicity, but adequate normative values for different age and racial/ethnic groups do not exist.
A cohort of free-living women was recruited for the Women's Injury Study at The Cooper Institute in Dallas. Originally, 917 women between the ages of 20 and 83 (M = 52 +/- 13) underwent an orthopedic examination including lumbar spine flexion and extension measurement using an electronic inclinometer. Measurements were taken in the fully extended and flexed positions, respectively. This removes the influence of initial resting posture and is termed "extreme of motion" (EOM) as opposed to ROM. Age and racial groups were compared using a 2-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed with post hoc tests.
Means (+/-SD) were calculated for racial (white, N = 619, African-American, N = 147) and age groups (young, 20-39 years, n = 126; middle, 40-59 years, n = 412; older, > or = 60 years, n = 228). Lumbar extension for African-American women (60.1 degrees) was significantly greater (P < 0.05) than for white women (52.6 degrees), but flexion was not different (15.2 degrees and 17.0 degrees), respectively. Extension EOM for the young group (61.6 degrees) was greater (P < 0.05) than the middle (56.6 degrees) and older (50.8 degrees) groups. Extension difference between the middle and older groups was significant. Flexion EOM for the young group (20.1 degrees) was greater (P < 0.05) than the middle (15.2 degrees) and older (12.8 degrees) groups. The difference in flexion between the middle and older groups was not significant.
Normative values of lumbar extension are different for white and African-American women. Values for lumbar flexion and extension are different between age groups. Different criteria should be used to estimate impairment level in women of different racial and age groups.
观察性研究。
为不同年龄和种族群体的女性提供腰椎屈伸的正常值。
脊柱活动范围（ROM）是 AMA 指南标准之一，用于估计损伤程度和随后的赔偿权益。研究表明，脊柱 ROM 随年龄、性别而变化，可能也与种族/民族有关，但不同年龄和种族/民族群体的充分正常值尚不存在。
在达拉斯库珀研究所的妇女伤害研究中，招募了一组自由生活的女性。最初，917 名年龄在 20 至 83 岁之间的女性（M = 52 +/- 13）接受了骨科检查，包括使用电子测斜仪测量腰椎屈伸。分别在完全伸展和弯曲位置进行测量。这消除了初始静息姿势的影响，被称为“运动极限”（EOM），与 ROM 相反。使用 2 因素多元方差分析（MANOVA）比较年龄和种族组，然后进行事后检验。
计算了种族（白人，N = 619，非裔美国人，N = 147）和年龄组（年轻，20-39 岁，n = 126；中年，40-59 岁，n = 412；老年，≥60 岁，n = 228）的平均值（+/-SD）。非裔美国女性的腰椎伸展度（60.1 度）明显大于（P < 0.05）白人女性（52.6 度），但弯曲度没有差异（分别为 15.2 度和 17.0 度）。年轻组的 EOM 伸展度（61.6 度）大于中年组（56.6 度）和老年组（50.8 度）。中年和老年组之间的伸展差异显著。年轻组的 EOM 弯曲度（20.1 度）大于中年组（15.2 度）和老年组（12.8 度）。中年和老年组之间的弯曲差异不显著。
白人女性和非裔美国女性的腰椎伸展正常值不同。不同年龄组的腰椎屈伸正常值不同。不同种族和年龄组的女性应使用不同的标准来估计损伤程度。
