Department of Structural Biology and Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh Medical School, BST3 1040, 3501 5th Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USA.
Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol. 2010 Mar-Apr;2(2):176-88. doi: 10.1002/wnan.70.
Nanoelectrodes are electrodes with a critical dimension in the range of one to hundreds of nanometers and include individual electrodes, nanoelectrode ensembles, and arrays. Metallic nanowires, carbon nanotubes, magnetic nanoparticles, and metal oxide nanowires have been employed to fabricate nanoelectrodes and platforms. In this review, applications of single electrodes, nanoelectrode arrays, and ensembles are briefly evaluated, with emphasis on biological analysis. Nanoelectrodes offer great advantages in numerous areas of biological investigations, particularly in single cells studies, fabrication of microchips, design of coordinated biosensors, and in addressable patterned electrodes. Consequently, nanoelectrodes have immense potential in the development of efficient, specific, sensitive, and intelligent sensors. In conjunction with the rapidly evolving, cost-effective fabrication and materials development approaches, these sensors can be used as direct, point-of-care clinical devices, enabling more personalized medical care. The development and application of nanodevices in biology and medicine will have enormous implications for society and human health.
纳米电极是指尺寸在 1 至数百纳米范围内的电极，包括单个电极、纳米电极组件和阵列。金属纳米线、碳纳米管、磁性纳米颗粒和金属氧化物纳米线已被用于制造纳米电极和平台。在这篇综述中，简要评估了单个电极、纳米电极阵列和组件的应用，重点是生物分析。纳米电极在许多生物研究领域具有巨大的优势，特别是在单细胞研究、微芯片制造、协调生物传感器设计和可寻址图案化电极方面。因此，纳米电极在开发高效、特异、敏感和智能传感器方面具有巨大的潜力。结合快速发展的、具有成本效益的制造和材料开发方法，这些传感器可以作为直接的、即时护理的临床设备，实现更个性化的医疗护理。纳米器件在生物学和医学中的发展和应用将对社会和人类健康产生巨大影响。
