Raczek Ewa
Emerytowany pracownik Katedry Medycyny Sadowej Slaskiego Uniwersytetu Medycznego w Katowicach.
Arch Med Sadowej Kryminol. 2009 Apr-Jun;59(2):131-5.
On June 13, 2009, the new Family and Guardianship Code came into effect. Many important modifications were implemented to Chapter I. "Origin of a child", the issue being of special importance in the work of a forensic geneticist. Those changes are related not only to arguableness of the fatherhood of both types--the one that is judged in lawsuit of denial of the fatherhood and that in which ineffectiveness of paternity is recognized--but for the first time they also demand on maternity testing. The Code defines who--according to Polish law--is a mother to a child and on this base states motherhood. In consequence, the main legal maxim Mater semper certa est, which has existed since Ancient Rome times is now annulled. The paper presents some remarks of an expert witness on the introduced changes.
2009年6月13日，新的《家庭与监护法》生效。第一章“子女的出身”进行了许多重要修改，这一问题在法医遗传学工作中尤为重要。这些变化不仅涉及两种类型的父亲身份的争议性——一种是在否认父亲身份的诉讼中判定的，另一种是承认亲子关系无效的——而且首次要求进行亲子鉴定。该法典根据波兰法律定义了谁是孩子的母亲，并在此基础上确定母亲身份。因此，自罗马时代就存在的主要法律准则“母亲永远是确定的”现在被废除了。本文介绍了专家证人对所做更改的一些评论。
