Witte Carmel L, Hungerford Laura L, Papendick Rebecca, Stalis Ilse H, Rideout Bruce A
Wildlife Disease Laboratories, Zoological Society of San Diego, PO Box 120551, San Diego, CA 92112, USA.
J Am Vet Med Assoc. 2010 Jan 15;236(2):211-8. doi: 10.2460/javma.236.2.211.
To characterize infection patterns and identify factors associated with avian mycobacteriosis among zoo birds that were housed with infected enclosure mates.
Matched case-control study.
79 birds with avian mycobacteriosis (cases) and 316 nondiseased birds (controls) of similar age and taxonomic group that were present in the bird collection of the Zoological Society of San Diego from 1991 through 2005.
Inventory and necropsy records from all eligible, exposed birds (n = 2,413) were examined to determine disease incidence and prevalence in the exposed cohort. Cases were matched in a 1:4 ratio to randomly selected controls of similar age and taxonomic grouping. Risk factors for mycobacteriosis (demographic, temporal, enclosure, and exposure characteristics as well as translocation history) were evaluated with univariate and multivariable conditional logistic regression analyses.
Disease prevalence and incidence were estimated at 3.5% and 8 cases/1,000 bird-years at risk, respectively. In the multivariable model, cases were more likely to have been imported into the collection, exposed to mycobacteriosis at a young age, exposed to the same bird species, and exposed in small enclosures than were controls. Odds for disease increased with an increasing amount of time spent with other disease-positive birds.
The low incidence of mycobacteriosis and the risk factors identified suggested that mycobacteria may not be easily transmitted through direct contact with infected enclosure mates. Identification of risk factors for avian mycobacteriosis will help guide future management of this disease in zoo bird populations.
描述感染模式，并确定与感染圈舍同伴共同饲养的动物园鸟类中禽分枝杆菌病相关的因素。
配对病例对照研究。
1991年至2005年圣地亚哥动物学会鸟类收藏中的79只患禽分枝杆菌病的鸟类（病例）和316只年龄和分类群相似的未患病鸟类（对照）。
检查所有符合条件的暴露鸟类（n = 2413）的清单和尸检记录，以确定暴露队列中的疾病发病率和患病率。病例按1:4的比例与随机选择的年龄和分类分组相似的对照进行配对。采用单变量和多变量条件逻辑回归分析评估分枝杆菌病的危险因素（人口统计学、时间、圈舍和暴露特征以及转移历史）。
疾病患病率和发病率估计分别为3.5%和8例/1000鸟年风险。在多变量模型中，与对照相比，病例更有可能是被引入该收藏、幼年时接触过分枝杆菌病、接触过相同鸟类物种以及在小圈舍中接触过。与其他疾病阳性鸟类相处时间增加，患病几率也增加。
分枝杆菌病的低发病率和确定的危险因素表明，分枝杆菌可能不容易通过与感染圈舍同伴的直接接触传播。确定禽分枝杆菌病的危险因素将有助于指导未来动物园鸟类种群中这种疾病的管理。
