Helmholtz Junior Research Group Posttranscriptional Control of Gene Expression, German Cancer Research Center, DKFZ-ZMBH Alliance, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
Biochem Soc Trans. 2010 Feb;38(Pt 1):242-51. doi: 10.1042/BST0380242.
P-bodies (processing bodies) are cytoplasmic foci visible by light microscopy in somatic cells of vertebrate and invertebrate origin as well as in yeast, plants and trypanosomes. At the molecular level, P-bodies are dynamic aggregates of specific mRNAs and proteins that serve a dual function: first, they harbour mRNAs that are translationally silenced, and such mRNA can exit again from P-bodies to re-engage in translation. Secondly, P-bodies recruit mRNAs that are targeted for deadenylation and degradation by the decapping/Xrn1 pathway. Whereas certain proteins are core constituents of P-bodies, others involved in recognizing short-lived mRNAs can only be trapped in P-bodies when mRNA decay is attenuated. This reflects the very transient interactions by which many proteins associate with P-bodies. In the present review, we summarize recent findings on the function, assembly and motility of P-bodies. An updated list of proteins and RNAs that localize to P-bodies will help in keeping track of this fast-growing field.
P 体（处理体）是在脊椎动物和无脊椎动物来源的体细胞以及酵母、植物和原生动物中通过光镜可见的细胞质焦点。在分子水平上，P 体是特定 mRNA 和蛋白质的动态聚集体，具有双重功能：首先，它们包含被翻译沉默的 mRNA，并且这种 mRNA 可以再次从 P 体中逸出以重新参与翻译。其次，P 体招募被脱帽/Xrn1 途径靶向腺苷酸化和降解的 mRNA。虽然某些蛋白质是 P 体的核心成分，但其他参与识别短命 mRNA 的蛋白质只有在 mRNA 降解减弱时才能被捕获在 P 体中。这反映了许多蛋白质与 P 体之间非常短暂的相互作用。在本综述中，我们总结了 P 体的功能、组装和迁移的最新发现。更新的定位到 P 体的蛋白质和 RNA 列表将有助于跟踪这个快速发展的领域。
