Department of Speech Music Hearing, School of Computer Science and Communication, KTH, Stockholm, Sweden.
J Voice. 2010 Nov;24(6):654-60. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2009.03.003. Epub 2010 Jan 18.
A single female professional vocal artist and pedagogue sang examples of "twang" and neutral voice quality, which a panel of experts classified, in almost complete agreement with the singer's intentions. Subglottal pressure was measured as the oral pressure during the occlusion during the syllable /pae/. This pressure tended to be higher in "twang," whereas the sound pressure level (SPL) was invariably higher. Voice source properties and formant frequencies were analyzed by inverse filtering. In "twang," as compared with neutral, the closed quotient was greater, the pulse amplitude and the fundamental were weaker, and the normalized amplitude tended to be lower, whereas formants 1 and 2 were higher and 3 and 5 were lower. The formant differences, which appeared to be the main cause of the SPL differences, were more important than the source differences for the perception of "twanginess." As resonatory effects occur independently of the voice source, the formant frequencies in "twang" may reflect a vocal strategy that is advantageous from the point of view of vocal hygiene.
一位女性专业声乐艺术家和教育家演唱了“鼻音”和中性音质的示例，专家组几乎完全按照歌手的意图进行了分类。在发 /pae/ 这个音节时，在声门关闭期间，通过口腔压力测量了声门下压力。在“鼻音”中，声门下压力往往更高，而声压级 (SPL) 则始终更高。通过逆滤波分析了声源特性和共振峰频率。与中性相比，在“鼻音”中，闭值更大，脉冲幅度和基频更弱，归一化幅度趋于更低，而共振峰 1 和 2 更高，3 和 5 更低。共振峰差异似乎是 SPL 差异的主要原因，对于“鼻音”的感知，共振峰差异比声源差异更为重要。由于共鸣效应独立于声源发生，因此“鼻音”中的共振峰频率可能反映了从嗓音卫生的角度来看有利的发声策略。
