Department of Radiology,Cleveland Clinic Foundation, 9500 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Radiographics. 2010 Jan;30(1):99-110. doi: 10.1148/rg.301095719.
Aneurysms of the Valsalva sinus (aortic sinus) can be congenital or acquired and are rare. They are more common among men than women and among Asians than other ethnic groups. Nonruptured aneurysms may be asymptomatic and incidentally discovered, or they may be symptomatic and manifest acutely with mass effect on adjacent cardiac structures. Ruptured Valsalva sinus aneurysms result in an aortocardiac shunt and may manifest as insidiously progressive congestive heart failure, severe acute chest pain with dyspnea, or, in extreme cases, cardiac arrest. Although both ruptured and nonruptured Valsalva sinus aneurysms may have potentially fatal complications, after treatment the prognosis is excellent. Thus, prompt and accurate diagnosis is critical. Most Valsalva sinus aneurysms are diagnosed on the basis of echocardiography, with or without angiography. However, both electrocardiographically gated computed tomography and magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can provide excellent anatomic depiction, and MR imaging can provide valuable functional information.
瓦氏窦（主动脉窦）动脉瘤可为先天性或后天性，较为罕见。男性比女性多见，亚洲人比其他种族多见。未破裂的动脉瘤可能无症状，偶然发现，也可能有症状，表现为急性肿块效应，累及邻近心脏结构。破裂的瓦氏窦动脉瘤导致心-主动脉分流，可能表现为隐匿性进行性充血性心力衰竭、严重急性胸痛伴呼吸困难，或在极端情况下，心脏骤停。虽然破裂和未破裂的瓦氏窦动脉瘤都可能有潜在的致命并发症，但治疗后预后良好。因此，及时准确的诊断至关重要。大多数瓦氏窦动脉瘤基于超声心动图，伴或不伴血管造影进行诊断。然而，心电图门控计算机断层扫描和磁共振（MR）成像都可以提供极好的解剖描述，MR 成像可以提供有价值的功能信息。
