Feldman Dmitriy N, Roman Mary J
Division of Cardiology, New York Presbyterian Hospital-Weill Medical College of Cornell University, NY 10021, USA.
Cardiology. 2006;106(2):73-81. doi: 10.1159/000092635. Epub 2006 Apr 12.
Sinus of Valsalva aneurysms are rare cardiac anomalies which may be acquired or congenital, most commonly involving the right or noncoronary sinuses. The congenital aneurysms are more common and often caused by weakness at the junction of the aortic media and the annulus fibrosus. Acquired aneurysms are caused by conditions affecting the aortic wall, such as infections (syphilis, bacterial endocarditis, or tuberculosis), trauma, or connective tissue disorders. Unruptured aneurysms are usually found incidentally during diagnostic studies. More commonly, sinus of Valsalvaaneurysms are diagnosed after clinical sequelae of rupture. Diagnosis of sinus of Valsalva aneurysm is facilitated by echocardiography, contrast aortography, and more recently, magnetic resonance imaging. Repair is generally required for ruptured aneurysms; unruptured aneurysms encroaching on nearby structures, causing myocardial ischemia, or having the potential to rupture warrant repair. A review of the literature is presented focusing on anatomy, clinical presentation of ruptured and unruptured aneurysms, noninvasive diagnostic modalities, and techniques for repair of this anomaly.
瓦氏窦瘤是一种罕见的心脏异常，可为后天性或先天性，最常累及右窦或无冠状动脉窦。先天性窦瘤更为常见，通常是由主动脉中膜与纤维环交界处的薄弱引起的。后天性窦瘤是由影响主动脉壁的疾病引起的，如感染（梅毒、细菌性心内膜炎或结核病）、创伤或结缔组织疾病。未破裂的窦瘤通常在诊断检查中偶然发现。更常见的情况是，瓦氏窦瘤在破裂的临床后遗症出现后才得以诊断。超声心动图、造影主动脉造影以及最近的磁共振成像有助于诊断瓦氏窦瘤。破裂的窦瘤通常需要修复；未破裂但侵犯附近结构、导致心肌缺血或有破裂可能的窦瘤也需要修复。本文献综述聚焦于该异常的解剖结构、破裂和未破裂窦瘤的临床表现、非侵入性诊断方法以及修复技术。
