Newton Sharon
85th Medical Detachment, Combat Stress Control, Fort Hood, TX, USA.
US Army Med Dep J. 2007 Jan-Mar:51-8.
Occupational therapy is a frequently unknown and misunderstood profession. However, occupational therapy practitioners have a rich history in the US Army, from the inception of the profession to current challenges. The article is a chronicle of historical highlights of occupational therapy which discusses how this history is harmonious with that of occupational therapy in the US Army. In researching this topic, several concepts emerged: (1) occupational therapy grew from a belief that people need occupation, or activity, to remain healthy; (2) people learn the best through purposeful activity; (3) the number of occupational therapists in the US Army decreases during peacetime, but in time of war the benefit of this profession is recognized and its numbers increase; (4) although models of health care change, the primary focus of occupational therapy remains constant; and (5) there is a direct correlation between the philosophy of occupational therapy and the philosophy of treating Soldiers with combat stress reactions, a "go-to-war" mission of Army occupational therapy practitioners. As such, the management of these Soldiers is enhanced by the unique skills offered by this profession.
职业治疗是一个常常不为人知且被误解的专业。然而，从该专业创立之初到应对当前的挑战，职业治疗从业者在美国陆军中有着丰富的历史。本文是职业治疗历史亮点的编年史，探讨了这段历史如何与美国陆军中的职业治疗历史相契合。在研究这个主题时，出现了几个概念：（1）职业治疗源于一种信念，即人们需要从事职业或活动以保持健康；（2）人们通过有目的的活动学习效果最佳；（3）美国陆军中的职业治疗师数量在和平时期会减少，但在战争时期，这个专业的益处会得到认可，其数量也会增加；（4）尽管医疗保健模式不断变化，但职业治疗的主要重点始终不变；（5）职业治疗的理念与治疗有战斗应激反应的士兵的理念之间存在直接关联，这是陆军职业治疗从业者的一项“投入战争”任务。因此，这个专业所提供的独特技能提升了对这些士兵的管理。
