Ceter Talip, Pinar Nur Münevver
Kastamonu Universitesi Fen-Edebiyat Fakültesi, Biyoloji Bölümü, Kastamonu.
Mikrobiyol Bul. 2009 Oct;43(4):627-38.
The atmospheric concentrations of airborne fungus spores change continuously according to the meteorological factors, and their intensity have important allergic effects on atopic subjects and opportunistic pathogenic effects on immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study was to identify the fungal spores found in Ankara atmosphere during 2003 period and to investigate the changes in spore concentrations in relation to meteorological factors. Fungal spores were sampled by using 7-day Burkard volumetric trap between January to December 2003, and probable identification was performed microscopically based on their morphological structures. A total of 433.079 spores/m3 belonging to 35 taxa were observed during the study. The rates of these taxa were as follows; 75.5% Cladosporium, 6.1% Alternaria, 2.2% Leptosphaeria, 2.2% Ustilago, 2.1% 1-septate ascospores, 2% Exosporium, 1.6% Pleospora, and 1.3% Drechslera. The other taxa with concentrations < 1% have consisted a total of 7.1% of all atmospheric spores (Puccinia, Curvularia, Coprinus, Nigrospora, Periconia, Melanomma, Torula, Ascobolus, Agrocybe, Pithomyces, Stemphyllium, Ganoderma, Boletus, Peronospora, Venturia, Paraphaeosphaeria, Epicoccum, Didymella, Chaetomium and Fusarium rates between 0.7-0.1%; Oidium, Xylaria, Botrytis, Melanospora, Dictyosporium, Sporormiella and Tetracoccosporium rates between 0.09-0.01%). Although fungal spores were detected in all months in Ankara atmosphere, the evaluation of the seasonal distribution of spore concentrations revealed that the highest value was detected in July (100.697 spores/m3), while the lowest value was in January (4268 spores/m3). When the effects of meteorological factors on spore concentrations were investigated, it was found that, monthly mean temperature (> 20 degrees C) has a strong positive correlation (p < 0.01), and monthly mean relative humidity (< %50) and precipitation (0-20 mm) have strong negative correlations (p < 0.01) on the spore concentrations, while wind velocity (3 m/s) has a slightly positive effect. An annual spore calendar which indicated weekly concentrations and allergenicity levels of those identified fungal spores, was also prepared in this study. In conclusion, it is expected that these data would be helpful for the researchers in the area of aeropalinology and for the clinicians to evaluate allergic diseases.
空气中真菌孢子的大气浓度会根据气象因素不断变化，其浓度对特应性个体具有重要的过敏影响，对免疫功能低下的患者具有机会性致病作用。本研究的目的是确定2003年期间安卡拉大气中发现的真菌孢子，并调查孢子浓度与气象因素相关的变化。2003年1月至12月期间，使用7天的伯克德体积捕集器采集真菌孢子，并根据其形态结构在显微镜下进行可能的鉴定。研究期间共观察到属于35个分类单元的433.079个孢子/m³。这些分类单元的比例如下：枝孢属75.5%、链格孢属6.1%、小球腔菌属2.2%、黑粉菌属2.2%、具1个隔膜的子囊孢子2.1%、外生孢子属2%、多腔孢属1.6%、德氏霉属1.3%。其他浓度<1%的分类单元占所有大气孢子的7.1%（柄锈菌属、弯孢属、鬼伞属、黑孢霉属、围丝壳属、黑痣菌属、球拟酵母属、粪壳菌属、田头菇属、皮丝霉属、匍柄霉属、灵芝属、牛肝菌属、霜霉属、黑星菌属、拟暗球壳属、附球菌属、毛壳菌属和镰刀菌属的比例在0.7 - 0.1%之间；粉孢属、炭角菌属、葡萄孢属、黑孢壳属、砖隔孢属、孢子堆霉属和四球孢属的比例在0.09 - 0.01%之间）。尽管在安卡拉大气的所有月份都检测到了真菌孢子，但对孢子浓度季节性分布的评估显示，最高值在7月检测到（100.697个孢子/m³），而最低值在1月（4268个孢子/m³）。当研究气象因素对孢子浓度的影响时，发现月平均温度（>20℃）与孢子浓度呈强正相关（p<0.01），月平均相对湿度（<50%）和降水量（0 - 20毫米）与孢子浓度呈强负相关（p<0.01），而风速（3米/秒）有轻微的正效应。本研究还编制了一份年度孢子日历，显示了那些已鉴定真菌孢子的每周浓度和致敏性水平。总之，预计这些数据将有助于空气孢粉学领域的研究人员以及临床医生评估过敏性疾病。
