Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Marchioninistrasse 15, D-81377 Munich, Germany.
Restor Neurol Neurosci. 2010;28(1):47-56. doi: 10.3233/RNN-2010-0505.
In this article we will discuss our current knowledge of multisensory vestibular structures and their functions in the human cortex. Most of it derives from brain activation studies with PET and fMRI in humans conducted over the last decade. They have confirmed the existence of several separate and distinct cortical areas that were identified earlier by tracer and electrophysiological studies in animals, especially in monkeys. The patterns of activations and deactivations during vestibular stimulations in healthy subjects have been compared with those in patients with acute and chronic peripheral and central vestibular disorders. The following reviews what is presently known about the interconnections of vestibular structures, their activations and interactions with other sensory modalities, the correlations of perceptual and motor functions in normal humans, and the changes that result from strategic unilateral peripheral and central vestibular lesions such as vestibular neuritis and bilateral vestibular failure, on the one hand, and central vestibular nucleus lesions due to ischemic infarctions of the lateral medulla (Wallenberg's syndrome), on the other.
在本文中，我们将讨论我们目前对多感觉前庭结构及其在人类大脑皮层中的功能的了解。这些知识主要来源于过去十年中使用 PET 和 fMRI 进行的人类大脑激活研究。这些研究证实了几个单独的、不同的皮质区域的存在，这些区域在动物，特别是猴子身上，通过示踪剂和电生理学研究更早地被识别出来。在健康受试者中进行前庭刺激时的激活和失活模式已与急性和慢性周围和中枢前庭障碍患者的模式进行了比较。以下综述了目前已知的前庭结构的相互连接、它们的激活以及与其他感觉模式的相互作用、正常人类中感知和运动功能的相关性，以及由于单侧周围和中枢前庭病变（如前庭神经炎和双侧前庭衰竭）以及由于外侧延髓缺血性梗死（Wallenberg 综合征）导致的中枢前庭核病变引起的变化。
