Moreira de Barros Guilherme Antonio
Responsável pelo Serviço de Terapia Antálgica e Cuidados Paliativos do HC da Faculdade de Medicina de Botucatu - UNESP.
Drugs Today (Barc). 2009 Oct;45 Suppl C:13-7.
Pain is a subjective condition and, thus, difficult to measure. The best tools to assess pain are the pain evaluation questionnaires, which provide either diagnostic, pain evolution or pain intensity information. To provide information which could help differentiate between nociceptive pain and neuropathic pain is one of the most important functions of these questionnaires. The questionnaires can measure pain intensity, quality of life, or sleep quality. Quality of life and sleep are two really important characteristics to assess the pain impact on patients' life. Pain intensity assessing questionnaires combine physical evaluations with questions, providing information either from the patient sensations or clinical assessment of pain manifestations as well as the underlying biological mechanisms (such as hyperalgesia or allodynia). For example, the Pain Detect questionnaire has two parts: the patient form (intuitive, with pictures and easy understandable) and the physician form. Thus, in this questionnaire, subjective information is provided by the patient and the objective one is provided by the physician. Other pain intensity questionnaires are NPSI, DN4, LANSS or StEP. Quality of life questionnaires are versatile (can be used in different pathologies). These questionnaires include functional self-evaluation questions, and other ones associated to physical and mental health. Two of such quality of life questionnaires are SF-36 and NHP. Sleep evaluation questionnaires include quantitative features such as the number of sleep interruptions, sleep latency or sleep duration as well as qualitative characteristics such as rest sensation, mood and dreams. One of the most used sleep evaluation questionnaires is PSQI, which includes patient questions and bed-partner questions, providing information from two points of view.
疼痛是一种主观状态，因此难以测量。评估疼痛的最佳工具是疼痛评估问卷，这些问卷可提供诊断、疼痛演变或疼痛强度信息。提供有助于区分伤害性疼痛和神经性疼痛的信息是这些问卷最重要的功能之一。问卷可以测量疼痛强度、生活质量或睡眠质量。生活质量和睡眠是评估疼痛对患者生活影响的两个非常重要的特征。疼痛强度评估问卷将身体评估与问题相结合，提供来自患者感觉或疼痛表现的临床评估以及潜在生物学机制（如痛觉过敏或异常性疼痛）的信息。例如，疼痛检测问卷有两个部分：患者表格（直观，有图片且易于理解）和医生表格。因此，在这份问卷中，主观信息由患者提供，客观信息由医生提供。其他疼痛强度问卷有NPSI、DN4、LANSS或StEP。生活质量问卷用途广泛（可用于不同病症）。这些问卷包括功能自我评估问题以及与身心健康相关的其他问题。此类生活质量问卷中的两个是SF - 36和NHP。睡眠评估问卷包括睡眠中断次数、睡眠潜伏期或睡眠时间等定量特征以及休息感觉、情绪和梦境等定性特征。最常用的睡眠评估问卷之一是PSQI，它包括患者问题和床伴问题，从两个角度提供信息。
