澳大利亚鸭嘴兽身上毛霉的基因分型分析。

Genotypic analysis of Mucor from the platypus in Australia.

作者信息

Connolly J H, Stodart B J, Ash G J

机构信息

EH Graham Centre for Agricultural Innovation (Industry and Investment NSW and Charles Sturt University), Charles Sturt University, PO Box 588, Wagga Wagga, NSW, Australia.

出版信息

J Wildl Dis. 2010 Jan;46(1):55-69. doi: 10.7589/0090-3558-46.1.55.

Abstract

Mucor amphibiorum is the only pathogen known to cause significant morbidity and mortality in the free-living platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus) in Tasmania. Infection has also been reported in free-ranging cane toads (Bufo marinus) and green tree frogs (Litoria caerulea) from mainland Australia but has not been confirmed in platypuses from the mainland. To date, there has been little genotyping specifically conducted on M. amphibiorum. A collection of 21 Mucor isolates representing isolates from the platypus, frogs and toads, and environmental samples were obtained for genotypic analysis. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequencing and GenBank comparison confirmed the identity of most of the isolates. Representative isolates from infected platypuses formed a clade containing the reference isolates of M. amphibiorum from the Centraal Bureau voor Schimmelcultures repository. The M. amphibiorum isolates showed a close sequence identity with Mucor indicus and consisted of two haplotypes, differentiated by single nucleotide polymorphisms within the ITS1 and ITS2 regions. With the exception of isolate 96-4049, all isolates from platypuses were in one haplotype. Multilocus fingerprinting via the use of intersimple sequence repeats polymerase chain reaction identified 19 genotypes. Two major clusters were evident: 1) M. amphibiorum and Mucor racemosus; and 2) Mucor circinelloides, Mucor ramosissimus, and Mucor fragilis. Seven M. amphibiorum isolates from platypuses were present in two subclusters, with isolate 96-4053 appearing genetically distinct from all other isolates. Isolates classified as M. circinelloides by sequence analysis formed a separate subcluster, distinct from other Mucor spp. The combination of sequencing and multilocus fingerprinting has the potential to provide the tools for rapid identification of M. amphibiorum. Data presented on the diversity of the pathogen and further work in linking genetic diversity to functional diversity will provide critical information for its management in Tasmanian river systems.

摘要

两栖毛霉是已知的唯一一种能在塔斯马尼亚自由生活的鸭嘴兽(Ornithorhynchus anatinus)中引发严重发病和死亡的病原体。在澳大利亚大陆自由放养的甘蔗蟾蜍(Bufo marinus)和绿树蛙(Litoria caerulea)中也有感染报告,但在大陆的鸭嘴兽中尚未得到证实。迄今为止,针对两栖毛霉的基因分型研究很少。我们收集了21株毛霉分离株,分别来自鸭嘴兽、青蛙和蟾蜍以及环境样本,用于基因分型分析。内部转录间隔区(ITS)区域测序和与GenBank的比对确定了大多数分离株的身份。来自受感染鸭嘴兽的代表性分离株形成了一个分支,其中包含来自荷兰真菌生物多样性中心保藏库的两栖毛霉参考分离株。两栖毛霉分离株与印度毛霉显示出密切的序列同一性,由两个单倍型组成,通过ITS1和ITS2区域内的单核苷酸多态性区分。除分离株96 - 4049外,所有来自鸭嘴兽的分离株都属于一个单倍型。通过使用简单序列重复区间聚合酶链反应进行多位点指纹图谱分析,确定了19种基因型。明显有两个主要聚类:1)两栖毛霉和总状毛霉;2)卷枝毛霉、多枝毛霉和脆弱毛霉。来自鸭嘴兽的7株两栖毛霉分离株存在于两个亚聚类中,分离株96 - 4s053在基因上与所有其他分离株不同。通过序列分析归类为卷枝毛霉的分离株形成了一个单独的亚聚类,与其他毛霉属物种不同。测序和多位点指纹图谱分析相结合有可能提供快速鉴定两栖毛霉的工具。所呈现的病原体多样性数据以及将遗传多样性与功能多样性联系起来的进一步研究工作,将为其在塔斯马尼亚河流系统中的管理提供关键信息。

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