Paśko Łukasz
Institute of Zoology, University of Wroclaw, Wroclaw, Poland.
Zoo Biol. 2010 Nov-Dec;29(6):767-73. doi: 10.1002/zoo.20307.
There are only a few documented cases of the use of either tools or substrates (anvils) as pseudotools in fishes. Described here is an anvil behavior of a labrid fish, Thalassoma hardwicke, observed under aquarium conditions. This fish was fed with pellets that are too large to swallow and too hard to break up into manageable bits using jaws only. The observed individual carried a pellet to an anvil to break it up into pieces small enough to be swallowed. This feeding behavior was frequently repeated (observed in detail about 15 times), nearly always successful, and remarkably consistent, suggesting that the rock selected for an anvil is remembered and its functional qualities or other factors may play a part in its choice. These observations agree with evidence for other advanced cognitive abilities in members of the genus Thalassoma and suggest that, for welfare demand, rocks with rough surfaces should be provided to these fish, especially when they receive hard food for variety.
在鱼类中，仅有少数有记录的案例表明它们会使用工具或基质（砧座）作为假工具。本文描述了在水族箱条件下观察到的一种隆头鱼——哈氏锦鱼（Thalassoma hardwicke）的砧座行为。给这条鱼投喂的鱼食颗粒太大，无法吞咽，而且仅用颌骨也难以将其咬碎成便于处理的小块。观察到的这条鱼会把一个颗粒带到一个砧座上，将其破碎成足够小的碎片以便吞咽。这种进食行为频繁重复（详细观察了约15次），几乎每次都成功，而且非常一致，这表明被选为砧座的岩石是被记住的，其功能特性或其他因素可能在其选择过程中起作用。这些观察结果与哈氏锦鱼属其他成员具有其他高级认知能力的证据相符，并且表明，出于福利需求，应该为这些鱼提供表面粗糙的岩石，尤其是当它们食用种类多样的硬质食物时。
