Saito Yoko, Sakuma Naoko, Ishii Kenji, Mizusawa Hidehiro
Positron Medical Center, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute Gerontology, Naka-cho, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo 173-0022, Japan.
Shinrigaku Kenkyu. 2009 Dec;80(5):405-13. doi: 10.4992/jjpsy.80.405.
Two experiments were conducted to identify the role of lyrics and melody in song recognition. Experiment 1 (N = 30) investigated the ratings of familiarity, age of acquisition, retrievability of lyrics or melody, and happiness for 100 Japanese children's songs. In Experiment 2 (N = 31), a familiarity-judgment task was conducted involving three stimulus types-sung lyrics (SONG), spoken lyrics (LYRICS), and sung melody using the syllable/la/ (MELODY)--for two excerpts (beginning and middle locations). The participants were instructed to judge whether an excerpt sounded familiar as quickly as possible. The more familiar the songs, the easier could they be identified from the three stimulus types. SONG-response time (RT) was shorter than MELODY-RT for both beginning and middle, and than LYRICS-RT for the middle. The location effect emerged most prominently for LYRICS-RT. Our results suggest that interactively connected information of lyrics and melody may facilitate song recognition. Lyrics in the beginning might be an index only for certain, very familiar songs, whereas melody may play a facilitative role for song recognition regardless of location.
进行了两项实验以确定歌词和旋律在歌曲识别中的作用。实验1（N = 30）调查了100首日本儿童歌曲的熟悉度评分、习得年龄、歌词或旋律的可检索性以及愉悦感。在实验2（N = 31）中，针对两个片段（开头和中间部分）进行了一项熟悉度判断任务，该任务涉及三种刺激类型——演唱的歌词（歌曲）、朗诵的歌词（歌词）以及用音节/啦/演唱的旋律（旋律）。参与者被要求尽快判断一个片段听起来是否熟悉。歌曲越熟悉，就越容易从这三种刺激类型中识别出来。开头和中间部分的歌曲反应时间（RT），歌曲的反应时间都短于旋律的反应时间，中间部分歌曲的反应时间短于歌词的反应时间。位置效应在歌词反应时间上最为显著。我们的结果表明，歌词和旋律的交互连接信息可能有助于歌曲识别。开头的歌词可能只是某些非常熟悉歌曲的一个指标，而旋律可能无论在哪个位置都对歌曲识别起到促进作用。
