中国农村地区父母外出务工情况调查：对其子女自我概念和孤独感的影响。
A survey in rural China of parent-absence through migrant working: the impact on their children's self-concept and loneliness.
机构信息
Training Department, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, PR China.
出版信息
BMC Public Health. 2010 Jan 23;10:32. doi: 10.1186/1471-2458-10-32.
BACKGROUND
Following the rapid increase of migrant workers in China, the number of "absent migrant parents" children is also rising fast. The "absent migrant parents" children might have an insecure relationship with their parents, have a different view of them, and be prone to have the feeling of loneliness. The purpose of the study was to compare the self-concept and loneliness between the "absent migrant parents" children and comparison children, to examine the relationship between self-concept and loneliness among the two groups, and to study the predictors of self-concept among the two groups.
METHODS
Participants were 230 "absent migrant parents" children and 250 comparison children in the rural area of a county, China. The self-concept and loneliness of children were assessed using Piers-Harris Self-Concept Scale and Childhood Loneliness Scale.
RESULTS
The "absent migrant parents" children were more likely to dislike their parents or be uncertain whether they like their parents, and they reported less time spent in physical and leisure time activities, higher loneliness and lower self-concept in comparison with the comparison children. Loneliness was significantly negatively correlated with all the dimensions of self-concept among the two groups. Regression analysis showed that self-concept was positively related to the relationship with parents and guardians and time spent in physical and leisure activities among the "absent migrant parents" children. The same factors (except the relationship with guardians) were found for self-concept among the comparison children.
CONCLUSIONS
The "absent migrant parents" children were more inclined to have lower self-concept and higher loneliness. The lower self-concept seemed to contribute to the higher loneliness of the "absent migrant parents" children. The lower self-concept of the "absent migrant parents" children was mainly related with their relationship with parents and guardians. The acceptance and support from their parents could not be fully replaced by that from their guardians.
背景
随着中国农民工数量的迅速增加，“留守儿童”的数量也在快速增长。“留守儿童”可能与父母关系不稳定，对父母有不同的看法，容易感到孤独。本研究旨在比较“留守儿童”和对照组儿童的自我概念和孤独感，检验两组儿童自我概念与孤独感的关系，并研究两组儿童自我概念的预测因素。
方法
研究对象为中国某县农村地区的 230 名“留守儿童”和 250 名对照组儿童。采用皮尔斯-哈里斯自我概念量表和儿童孤独量表评估儿童的自我概念和孤独感。
结果
“留守儿童”更有可能不喜欢父母或不确定是否喜欢父母，与对照组儿童相比，他们报告的与父母或监护人在一起的时间以及参与体育和休闲活动的时间较少，孤独感较高，自我概念较低。孤独感与两组儿童自我概念的所有维度均呈显著负相关。回归分析显示，“留守儿童”的自我概念与与父母或监护人的关系以及参与体育和休闲活动的时间呈正相关。对照组儿童的自我概念也存在同样的因素（除了与监护人的关系）。
结论
“留守儿童”更倾向于自我概念较低和孤独感较高。较低的自我概念似乎导致“留守儿童”的孤独感更高。“留守儿童”较低的自我概念主要与其与父母或监护人的关系有关。父母的接纳和支持不能完全被监护人所取代。
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