Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology & Biophysics, Institute for Molecular Virology, Center for Genome Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
Expert Rev Mol Med. 2010 Jan 22;12:e4. doi: 10.1017/S1462399409001343.
Restriction factors are natural cellular proteins that defend individual cells from viral infection. These factors include the APOBEC3 family of DNA cytidine deaminases, which restrict the infectivity of HIV-1 by hypermutating viral cDNA and inhibiting reverse transcription and integration. HIV-1 thwarts this restriction activity through its accessory protein virion infectivity factor (Vif), which uses multiple mechanisms to prevent APOBEC3 proteins such as APOBEC3G and APOBEC3F from entering viral particles. Here, we review the basic biology of the interactions between human APOBEC3 proteins and HIV-1 Vif. We also summarise, for the first time, current clinical data on the in vivo effects of APOBEC3 proteins, and survey strategies and progress towards developing therapeutics aimed at the APOBEC3-Vif axis.
限制因子是天然的细胞蛋白，可防止单个细胞被病毒感染。这些因子包括 APOBEC3 家族的 DNA 胞嘧啶脱氨酶，它通过使病毒 cDNA 发生超突变和抑制逆转录和整合来限制 HIV-1 的感染力。HIV-1 通过其辅助蛋白病毒感染性因子（Vif）来规避这种限制作用，Vif 通过多种机制阻止 APOBEC3 蛋白（如 APOBEC3G 和 APOBEC3F）进入病毒颗粒。在这里，我们回顾了人类 APOBEC3 蛋白与 HIV-1 Vif 之间相互作用的基本生物学。我们还首次总结了 APOBEC3 蛋白在体内的作用的临床数据，并调查了针对 APOBEC3-Vif 轴开发治疗方法的策略和进展。
