Department of Environmental Science, University of Kuopio, P.O. Box 1627, FIN-70211, Kuopio, Finland.
Tree Physiol. 2010 Mar;30(3):404-16. doi: 10.1093/treephys/tpp124. Epub 2010 Jan 22.
It is well documented that when plants are damaged by insects they respond by emitting a range of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). While there have been numerous reports concerning VOCs induced by chewing herbivores, there are relatively few studies detailing the VOCs induced by aphid feeding. The effects of aphid feeding on VOCs emitted by boreal forest trees have been particularly neglected. Herbivore-induced VOCs have relevance to direct and indirect plant defence and atmospheric chemistry. In this study, we analysed the VOCs emitted by Betula pendula (Roth) and Alnus glutinosa (L.) (Gaertn.) infested by specialist aphid species under laboratory conditions. We also complemented this by collecting VOCs from leaf beetle-damaged saplings under field conditions. In addition to induction of some inducible terpenes, we detected substantial aphid-induced emissions of methyl salicylate (MeSA) in both B. pendula and A. glutinosa. MeSA emission intensity depended on the length of aphid infestation. Feeding by beetles induced emission of (E)-DMNT in both tree species and (E)-beta-ocimene in A. glutinosa but had no effect on MeSA emissions. MeSA has been shown to have aphid-repellent qualities and has been shown recently to have impact on formation of secondary organic aerosols in the atmosphere. We discuss our results in relation to these two phenomena.
有大量文献记载表明，当植物受到昆虫的损害时，它们会通过释放一系列挥发性有机化合物（VOCs）来做出反应。虽然已经有许多关于咀嚼性食草动物诱导的 VOCs 的报道，但详细描述蚜虫取食诱导的 VOCs 的研究相对较少。食草动物诱导的 VOCs 与植物的直接和间接防御以及大气化学有关。在这项研究中，我们分析了在实验室条件下受专食性蚜虫侵害的银桦（Betula pendula（Roth））和桤木（Alnus glutinosa（L.））（Gaertn.）释放的 VOCs。我们还通过在野外条件下收集叶甲幼虫破坏的幼树的 VOCs 来补充这一研究。除了诱导一些可诱导的萜烯外，我们还在银桦和桤木中检测到了大量的由蚜虫诱导的水杨酸甲酯（MeSA）的排放。蚜虫侵害的时间长短决定了 MeSA 的排放强度。甲虫的取食诱导了两种树种中（E）-DMNT 的排放，以及桤木中（E）-β-罗勒烯的排放，但对 MeSA 的排放没有影响。已经证明 MeSA 具有驱避蚜虫的特性，并且最近还证明它对大气中二次有机气溶胶的形成有影响。我们将我们的结果与这两种现象联系起来进行讨论。
