Department of Systems Engineering and Human Factors, School of Engineering, Cranfield University, Bedford, UK.
Ergonomics. 2010 Feb;53(2):294-303. doi: 10.1080/00140131003622028.
Low-hours solo glider pilots have a high risk of accidents compared to more experienced pilots. Numerous taxonomies for causal accident analysis have been produced for powered aviation but none of these is suitable for gliding, so a new taxonomy was required. A human factors taxonomy specifically for glider operations was developed and used to analyse all UK gliding accidents from 2002 to 2006 for their overall causes as well as factors specific to low hours pilots. Fifty-nine categories of pilot-related accident causation emerged, which were formed into progressively larger categories until four overall human factors groups were arrived at: 'judgement'; 'handling'; 'strategy'; 'attention'. 'Handling' accounted for a significantly higher proportion of injuries than other categories. Inexperienced pilots had considerably more accidents in all categories except 'strategy'. Approach control (path judgement, airbrake and speed handling) as well as landing flare misjudgement were chiefly responsible for the high accident rate in early solo glider pilots. Statement of Relevance: This paper uses extant accident data to produce a taxonomy of underlying human factors causes to analyse gliding accidents and identify the specific causes associated with low hours pilots. From this specific, well-targeted remedial measures can be identified.
与经验丰富的飞行员相比，低飞行时长的单人滑翔飞行员发生事故的风险更高。虽然已经为动力航空制定了许多事故因果关系分类法，但没有一种适用于滑翔运动，因此需要制定一种新的分类法。专门针对滑翔运动的人为因素分类法已经开发出来，并用于分析 2002 年至 2006 年期间英国所有滑翔事故的总体原因，以及低飞行时长飞行员的特定因素。出现了 59 类与飞行员相关的事故因果关系，这些关系被逐步组合成更大的类别，直到得出四个总体人为因素组：“判断”、“操控”、“策略”和“注意力”。“操控”造成的伤害比例明显高于其他类别。除了“策略”，经验不足的飞行员在所有类别中的事故发生率都更高。在初级单人滑翔飞行员中，进场管制（路径判断、减速板和速度操控）和着陆拉平误判是导致高事故率的主要原因。相关性说明：本文利用现有事故数据，制作了一个人为因素底层因果关系分类法，以分析滑翔事故并确定与低飞行时长飞行员相关的具体原因。由此可以确定具体的、针对性强的补救措施。
