Department of Psychology, Saint Louis University, 221 N. Grand Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63109, USA.
J Soc Psychol. 2009 Dec;149(6):609-26. doi: 10.1080/00224540903344971.
This study explored the combined effects of personal factors (participant sex), interpersonal factors (experimenter sex), and situational factors (performance feedback) on two forms of behavioral self-handicapping. Participants received non-contingent success or failure feedback concerning their performance on a novel ability and were given the opportunity to self-handicap before performing again. Behavioral self-handicapping took the form of (a) exerting less practice effort (practice) or (b) choosing a performance-debilitating tape (choice). Men practiced least after failure feedback and chose a debilitating tape if they were interacting with a female experimenter. Generally, across all participants in both choice and practice conditions, high performance concern and the presence of a male experimenter led to the most self-handicapping. Results are interpreted in terms of self-presentational concerns that emphasize a desire to impress or an awareness of the female or male experimenter's acceptance of self-handicappers.
这项研究探讨了个人因素（参与者性别）、人际因素（实验者性别）和情境因素（表现反馈）对两种行为自我设限形式的综合影响。参与者在一项新的能力表现上收到非相关的成功或失败反馈，并在再次表现之前有机会自我设限。行为自我设限采取了以下两种形式：（a）减少练习努力（练习）或（b）选择一个削弱表现的磁带（选择）。男性在失败反馈后练习最少，如果他们与女性实验者互动，则会选择削弱表现的磁带。通常，在所有参与者的选择和练习条件下，高绩效关注和男性实验者的存在导致了最多的自我设限。结果根据强调印象管理或对女性或男性实验者对自我设限者的接受程度的自我呈现关注进行了解释。
