Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA.
Public Health Nutr. 2010 Aug;13(8):1198-206. doi: 10.1017/S1368980009992059. Epub 2010 Jan 26.
Legumes have been recommended as staple foods in the anticipation of disease prevention. However, the scientific evidence of their benefits, particularly on mental well-being, remains preliminary. We longitudinally assessed the association between legume consumption and the risk of severe depressed mood (SDM) among a national cohort.
The study included adults aged 25-74 years who were examined in 1971-1975 as a part of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Legume consumption at baseline was obtained from a 3-month FFQ and categorised as infrequent (<1 time/week), moderate (1-2 times/week) and frequent (> or = 3 times/week). SDM was defined as Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale score > or = 22 or taking anti-depression medication after an average of 10.6 years of follow-up (from 8.0 to 12.5 years).
Among women, the proportion of individuals with SDM was 17.75 %. For premenopausal women (n 1778), a significant linear trend of deleterious effect from legume consumption was observed (P for trend = 0.0148). The relative risks (RR) for infrequent, moderate and frequent consumptions were 1 (reference), 1.24 (95 % CI = 0.91, 1.70) and 1.75 (1.12, 2.75), respectively. However, moderate consumption showed a significant protective effect (RR = 0.52 (0.27, 1.00)) among women undergoing the menopausal transition (n 454). No association was obtained from either postmenopausal women (n 601) or men (n 2036).
These findings suggest that gender and menopausal status were effect modifiers of the association between legume consumption and SDM. Detrimental effects of frequent consumption of legumes may exist among premenopausal women; moderate consumption, however, may protect perimenopausal women against SDM.
人们一直建议将豆类作为主食，以预防疾病。然而，关于其益处的科学证据，特别是对心理健康的影响，仍然是初步的。我们对一个全国性队列进行了纵向研究，评估了豆类消费与重度抑郁情绪（SDM）风险之间的关系。
这项研究纳入了年龄在 25-74 岁之间的成年人，他们在 1971-1975 年作为国家健康和营养调查的一部分接受了检查。基线时的豆类摄入量来自于 3 个月的 FFQ，并分为不频繁（<1 次/周）、中等（1-2 次/周）和频繁（>或=3 次/周）。SDM 定义为中心流行病学研究抑郁量表评分>或=22 分或在平均 10.6 年（8.0-12.5 年）的随访后服用抗抑郁药物。
在女性中，SDM 的比例为 17.75%。对于绝经前女性（n=1778），豆类消费的有害影响呈显著线性趋势（趋势检验 P=0.0148）。不频繁、中等和频繁摄入的相对风险（RR）分别为 1（参照）、1.24（95%可信区间 0.91-1.70）和 1.75（1.12-2.75）。然而，在经历绝经过渡的女性（n=454）中，中等摄入显示出显著的保护作用（RR=0.52（0.27-1.00））。在绝经后女性（n=601）或男性（n=2036）中均未发现相关性。
这些发现表明，性别和绝经状态是豆类消费与 SDM 之间关联的效应修饰因素。绝经前女性频繁摄入豆类可能存在不利影响；然而，中等摄入可能保护围绝经期女性免受 SDM 的影响。
