Dipartimento di Medicina Interna, dell'Invecchiamento e Malattie Nefrologiche, Ospedale S Orsola, Via Massarenti 9, 40138 Bologna, Italy.
Peptides. 2010 Apr;31(4):720-2. doi: 10.1016/j.peptides.2010.01.005. Epub 2010 Jan 25.
In vitro and in vivo studies demonstrated that nociceptin/orphanin FQ inhibits norepinephrine release, while the effects of norepinephrine on nociceptin/orphanin FQ release remain unknown. Previous studies in healthy and hypertensive subjects showed that prolonged and forced hyperventilation induces different blood pressure (BP) responses depending on changes in plasma catecholamine levels. We investigated whether the effects of hyperventilation on the sympatho-adrenergic system involve nociceptin/orphanin FQ release. Fifty-six healthy subjects (26 females, mean age 63+/-2 and 30 males, mean age 63+/-3) underwent the hyperventilation test. A hierarchical cluster analysis based on BP response to hyperventilation identified three groups of subjects: group 1 (n=20) with a decrease in BP, norepinephrine (1311.1+/-45.5 fmol/ml versus 900.0+/-55.3 fmol/ml, P<0.01) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ (13.0+/-0.7 pg/ml versus 7.9+/-0.8 pg/ml, P<0.01), group 2 (n=18) without any change in BP and norepinephrine (1133.0+/-31.5 fmol/ml versus 1176.0+/-44.6 fmol/ml), with a decrease in nociceptin/orphanin FQ (12.5+/-3.2 pg/ml versus 7.4+/-0.6 pg/ml, P<0.01) and group 3 (n=18) with an increase in BP, norepinephrine (1216.7+/-50.9 fmol/ml versus 1666.7+/-44.9 fmol/ml, P<0.01) and nociceptin/orphanin FQ values (11.5+/-1.6 pg/ml versus 19.9+/-1.5 pg/ml, P<0.01). Norepinephrine changes in response to hyperventilation in groups 1 and 3 were directly (P<0.01) correlated with those of nociceptin/orphanin FQ. Our results showed that vigorous and prolonged hyperventilation changes plasma nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels due to the direct effects of hypocapnic alkalosis or to different sympatho-adrenergic system responses.
在体外和体内研究表明，孤啡肽抑制去甲肾上腺素的释放，而去甲肾上腺素对孤啡肽的释放的影响尚不清楚。在健康人和高血压患者中的先前研究表明，长时间强制过度通气会根据血浆儿茶酚胺水平的变化引起不同的血压（BP）反应。我们研究了过度通气对交感神经系统的影响是否涉及孤啡肽的释放。 56 名健康受试者（26 名女性，平均年龄 63±2 岁，30 名男性，平均年龄 63±3 岁）接受了过度通气测试。基于对过度通气的血压反应的层次聚类分析，确定了三组受试者：第 1 组（n=20）血压下降，去甲肾上腺素（1311.1±45.5 fmol/ml 与 900.0±55.3 fmol/ml，P<0.01）和孤啡肽（13.0±0.7 pg/ml 与 7.9±0.8 pg/ml，P<0.01），第 2 组（n=18）血压和去甲肾上腺素无任何变化（1133.0±31.5 fmol/ml 与 1176.0±44.6 fmol/ml），孤啡肽下降（12.5±3.2 pg/ml 与 7.4±0.6 pg/ml，P<0.01），第 3 组（n=18）血压升高，去甲肾上腺素（1216.7±50.9 fmol/ml 与 1666.7±44.9 fmol/ml，P<0.01）和孤啡肽值升高（11.5±1.6 pg/ml 与 19.9±1.5 pg/ml，P<0.01）。第 1 组和第 3 组中对过度通气的去甲肾上腺素变化与孤啡肽的变化呈直接（P<0.01）相关。我们的结果表明，剧烈和长时间的过度通气会由于低碳酸血症性碱中毒的直接作用或不同的交感神经系统反应而改变血浆孤啡肽水平。
