Division of Biology, Imperial College London, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, SL5 7PY, UK.
Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc. 2010 Nov;85(4):729-55. doi: 10.1111/j.1469-185X.2010.00123.x.
Global change (climate change together with other worldwide anthropogenic processes such as increasing trade, air pollution and urbanization) will affect plant health at the genetic, individual, population and landscape level. Direct effects include ecosystem stress due to natural resources shortage or imbalance. Indirect effects include (i) an increased frequency of natural detrimental phenomena, (ii) an increased pressure due to already present pests and diseases, (iii) the introduction of new invasive species either as a result of an improved suitability of the climatic conditions or as a result of increased trade, and (iv) the human response to global change. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies on terrestrial plant health in the presence of global change factors. We summarize the links between climate change and some key issues in plant health, including tree mortality, changes in wildfire regimes, biological invasions and the role of genetic diversity for ecosystem resilience. Prediction and management of global change effects are complicated by interactions between globalization, climate and invasive plants and/or pathogens. We summarize practical guidelines for landscape management and draw general conclusions from an expanding body of literature.
全球变化（气候变化以及其他全球性人为过程，如贸易增加、空气污染和城市化）将影响植物在遗传、个体、种群和景观水平上的健康。直接影响包括由于自然资源短缺或失衡导致的生态系统压力。间接影响包括（i）自然有害现象发生频率增加，（ii）由于现有病虫害的压力增加，（iii）由于气候条件的改善或贸易增加而引入新的入侵物种，以及（iv）人类对全球变化的反应。在这篇综述中，我们概述了最近关于全球变化因素下陆地植物健康的研究。我们总结了气候变化与植物健康的一些关键问题之间的联系，包括树木死亡、野火发生规律的变化、生物入侵以及遗传多样性对生态系统恢复力的作用。全球化、气候和入侵植物和/或病原体之间的相互作用使预测和管理全球变化的影响变得复杂。我们总结了景观管理的实用指南，并从不断扩大的文献中得出一般结论。
